The abundance of historical and ancient places in Kerman province has positioned it as the fifth most important historical province of Iran. This province displays a total of more than 700 historical works, only a part of which has been registered in the list of national heritage of Iran. Historical and ancient sites, especially castles, form an important part of the cultural heritage of Kerman and can be found in the historical cities of this province. One of the ancient castles of this region is Qaleh Dokhtar (Dokhtar Castle) of Kerman, which is known as one of the oldest ancient castles in Iran and is one of the top things to do in Kerman. Let’s learn more about this castle.

About Qaleh Dokhtar

Qaleh Dokhtar, this ancient building, is a historical and ancient fort in Iran, which is located near the Ardashir Castle in Kerman and is known by famous names such as Qaleh Kuh (Mountain Castle) or Anahita Fire Temple. The history of this fort goes back to ancient times and it is said that it was created more than 3000 years ago.

History of Qaleh Dokhtar in Kerman

The initial core of Kerman city includes an area known as Qaleh Dokhtar (Dokhtar Castle) or the Anahita Fire Temple, along with the nearby Ardashir Castle, both dating back to the Sassanian era.

According to some archaeologists and historians, Qaleh Dokhtar was known as a place of fire worship, which led to its alternative name, the Anahita Fire Temple. Revered as the goddess of water, fertility, plants, and women, Anahita held an important place in ancient culture and attracted the respect and devotion of many people of that time. In the eyes of past societies, worshiping this goddess was considered essential and very valuable.

Kerman Dokhtar Castle is structurally divided into two main parts: one part is located on top of the mountain known as Qaleh Kuh (Mountain Castle) and the other parts are located on a lower and less elevated ground. Historical sources, including some ancient texts, relate this building to the Sassanid period. Both Ardashir Castle and Qaleh Dokhtar are prominent attractions in Kerman that attract many visitors from all over the world every year.

Unfortunately, this fort, like many other ancient and historical places, has made the least effort to preserve and protect it, and the illegal structures around it and the installation of telecommunication towers inside the historical area have caused its gradual destruction, risking the loss of this fort’s historical and cultural significance.

Qaleh Dokhtar Naming

The name of Qaleh Dokhtar (Dokhtar Castle) in Kerman is a metaphor in the Persian language that symbolizes “untouched”, “pure” and “unconquerable”. Historically, Iranians often chose the word Dokhtar (meaning girl) for their castles, which were built mainly for protection and defense.

More specifically, this naming convention highlights the castle as a place with pristine, invincible, and impenetrable qualities. Other examples of Iran’s historical castles with this name include Qaleh Dokhtar in Firuzabad, Fars, and Mianeh Qaleh Dokhtar in East Azerbaijan.

Qaleh Dokhtar Park in Kerman

To the green space of Kerman and provide a suitable environment for visiting this historical castle, a park has been built near the Qaleh Dokhtar site.

This park, which is known as “Qaleh Dokhtar Park of Kerman”, provides amenities such as prayer rooms and restrooms for local residents and tourists to enjoy its facilities and spend happy moments in this attractive green space.

Towers, Fortifications, and Defenses of Qaleh Dokhtar

The towers and fortifications of Qaleh Dokhtar form a complete circle with an opening of more than three kilometers. In most places, the cliff walls take on a cylindrical surface.

The only accessible route to the top of the cliff is a narrow passage on the shadowed north side of the cliff, which appears to be the only route to the castle. Hence, the rock slopes are fortified with walls and vast towers to guard the entrance to the pass.The entrance walls of the castle are about half a kilometer long and the stone base of these walls is more than two meters thick.

The wall is made of stone up to a height of two meters, on top of which a thick structure is made of clay and mud.This part of the fort has arches around it that resemble window openings that cannot be closed, allowing views in all directions. Inside this large area there are the remains of several small adobe buildings.

The site has a gate that opens to the north, and the ruins of the guard towers are still visible, marking the exact location of the gate. The slope of the area between the main ramparts and the entrance is quite steep, which leads to the entrance of the pass after a short distance.

Water Reservoirs of Qaleh Dokhtar in Kerman

Many reservoirs have been built in this castle, the capacity of some of them is hundreds of liters. By climbing the earthen elevation on the right side of the wall, you enter the fort after a few moments. This area includes more than ten reservoirs and water storage tanks.

On the shaded northern side of the fort, there are more cisterns than on the southern side. In the south, there are more than four reservoirs, one of which is particularly remarkable. This reservoir, which hangs from the rock, is more than 30 meters deep and more than 25 meters wide. Apparently, these reservoirs were filled with rainwater.

Residential Structures of Qaleh Dokhtar

The cliff can be divided into two parts: the southern and northern shaded areas. The southern shaded area is narrower than the northern one, consisting of two parallel valleys. These valleys, one of which is bigger than the other, contain the remains of interesting buildings.

On top of the ridge that separates the two valleys, there are remains of several architectural complexes.In this castle, which covers several hundreds of hectares, there are dozens of building complexes, some of which have thousands of square meters under the building.

Qal’eh Dokhtar Photos help to better understand its structure and arrangement.These architectural complexes consist of corridors with fine and narrow stone columns that show the taste and skill of the builder and the inhabitants of the castle.

Qaleh Dokhtar Facts

A famous legend about this fort is widely circulated in local gatherings and recognized by many historians and archaeologists.

According to this story, a powerful young woman took command of the castle and by using a special spell, she was able to protect it against the threats and attacks of the enemy and keep it safe from any challenge.

Qaleh Dokhtar in Kerman Location

There are two ancient castles around the city of Kerman, both of which are known as “Qaleh Dokhtar”. One of these castles is made of mud and is located in the heights between Zarisf and Mosalla Sahib al-Zaman mountain.

Another fort made of stone is located in the north of Kerman on the left side of the road leading to Zarand and about 10 kilometers from the city’s ring road.

This castle is located on a high cliff in the northern plains of Kerman, whose height reaches 400 meters. The area of the castle roof is more than 20 hectares and offers a wide view of the landscape.

Final Word

Qaleh Dokhtar in Kerman is a remarkable example of ancient Iranian architecture and culture. This historical place with its impressive fortifications, complex water reservoirs and attractive residential structures shows the ingenuity and creativity of its builders. The legends and rich history surrounding this fort continue to fascinate visitors and make it an important landmark in Iran’s cultural heritage.

Exploring Qaleh Dokhtar provides a unique glimpse into the past and highlights the importance of preserving such treasures for future generations.

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Looking deeply into Iran’s geography, many cities and provinces feature a unique and rich history. Kerman City is one of the most significant cities in Iran that includes several notable attractions dating back to thousands of years ago. Rayen Castle Kerman is the city’s oldest and most important citadel, attracting many visitors and tourists. Rayen Citadel is the second largest citadel after Arg-e Bam or Bam Citadel and is a fascinating place to explore Iran’s history and ancient roots.

About Rayen Castle

Rayen Castle is another significant citadel in the city of Kerman, Iran. Dating back to the Sassanid era, Rayen Castle is the most famous citadel after Arg-e Bam, and both of them are known for being an important historical attraction. Rayen Castle has been submitted to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is one of the top things to do in Kerman.

Many visitors, including foreign and local tourists who are enthusiastic about the deep history of Iran, explore this location to learn more about the ancient roots of this country. Rayen Castle Kerman stands out as a significant location, reflecting the history of Kerman and Iran.

Location of Rayen Castle

Rayen Castle is situated in the city of Kerman in the heart of Iran. The exact location of Arg-e Rayen is 105 kilometers distance from the city, near a small town called Rayen (Location on map). The Rayen Castle is one of the beautiful attractions of this town and is on the hillside of the Hazar Mountain.

The castle is easily accessible, and the most convenient way to get there is to rent a private car or hire a taxi. You can also choose tour programs that offer a vehicle. The location of Rayen Castle invites visitors to a lovely desert atmosphere with an ancient vibe.

Rayen Castle Architecture and Photos

The architecture and design of the Rayen Castle, which can be seen in its photos, is a fascinating highlight of this attraction. The techniques used to build this castle date back to the Sassanid period of Iran, and all of the details of the castle represent that era. The walls of the Rayen Castle Kerman are completely built of adobes, and the shortest wall of the castle is about 10 meters.

The main entrance of the castle is also significantly beautiful, opening up a path that leads to the inside of the castle. The general architecture of Rayen Castle is a fine example of Sassanid architecture.

Rayen Castle History

Rayen Castle’s history has ancient origins, dating back to the Sassanian era. This castle was a crucial and strategic point for the military and residential fortress. The main aim of this castle was to protect the region from various invasions, and this can be seen in its tall walls and harsh structure.

Over the centuries, the castle was modified several times in different periods of Iran. It has gone through developments in architecture to increase its defense and control section. After the Islamic revolution of Persia, the castle began to fade into memories and lost its popularity as a defensive structure.

Rayen Castle Cultural Significance

Rayen Castle is an important ancient remain in Kerman. This architecture is a representation of the Persian styles and techniques. Showcasing a prime example of a castle that belongs to the Sassanid era. The use of adobe and clay is a major highlight of the significance of this castle. Additionally, Rayen Castle is also a symbol of resilience.

It unfolds the story of the ancient people of Persia and their commitment to solving the harsh challenges of their time, including invasions and political changes. Today, Rayen Castle is a major tourist attraction in Kerman.

Rayen Castle Nearby Attractions

The fascinating attraction of Kerman, the Rayen Castle, is not a typical citadel. It is situated on the hillside of Hazar Mountain, so it is close to many other beautiful attractions that you can explore and enjoy your time. For example, Rayen Waterfall, which is close to the castle, is one of the most beautiful locations to visit nearby Rayen Castle, rising from the heights of Hazar Mountain.

Hazar Mountain itself is also a natural wonder, easily accessible from the castle. Moreover, Rayen Castle also had two fire temples that were used during ceremonies and celebrations. There are also many other interesting buildings and attractions inside and near Rayen Castle.  

Best Time to Visit Rayen Castle

The city of Kerman, with its unique charms and attractions, is one of the oldest cities in Iran due to its geographical location. So, the best time to visit Rayen Castle is during Spring or Summer when the weather is milder and more enjoyable.

You can easily explore the attractions of Kerman, especially the Rayen Castle, during these times of the year and get the best experience. If you want to visit Rayen Castle Kerman during the Autumn or Winter, you can still explore it and enjoy the smaller crowd during these times. The visiting hours for exploring this site are from 9 am to 5 pm.

Online Reviews of Rayen Castle

Rayen Castle Kerman remains as a popular spot to explore the ancient history of Iran. Compared to other historical sites in Iran, this castle has been praised for its small crowd of visitors, offering an ideal moment to have a wonderful journey to the history of the region. Moreover, reviews often highlight the views of the castle, its overall atmosphere, and the surrounding desert and mountain landscape.

The various buildings inside the castle, the nearby bazaar, and the architectural beauty of the castle are also some of the highlights of this attraction that were favored by visitors.

Rayen Castle Facts

Rayen Castle was built during the Sassanian period (224–651 AD). So, it is one of the oldest fortresses in Iran.

Rayen Castle features walls that reach up to 10 meters.

The main construction materials of the castle are adobe and clay, making it a significant citadel.

Rayen Castle is located in a beautiful desert landscape.

The castle includes several buildings, such as fire temples, etc.

Rayen Castle Kerman is positioned on the hillside of Hazar Mountain, and it is very close to a charming waterfall.

Rayen Castle Preservation Efforts

Rayen Castle has had many modifications and developments over the centuries. As a part of Iran’s cultural heritage, this castle was restored and preserved in recent years. Many preservation efforts are being aimed at the castle to protect this cultural landmark for future generations while promoting awareness of its cultural and historical value.

Other Attractions in Kerman

The city of Kerman is a must-visit destination and has many attractions to explore. From historical sites to bustling bazaars, this city features all types of attractions. Ganjali Khan Complex is the symbol of Kerman and features a caravanserai, bazaar, bathhouse, and mosque and is the main attraction of this city.

Jame Mosque of Kerman is another magnificent attraction that reflects the traditional Persian architectural style with its beautiful minarets and design. Moreover, the main bazaar of Kerman, which is a bustling and crowded marketplace, is also famous for its lovely atmosphere. Make sure to visit the city of Kerman and its unique attractions.

Final Words

Kerman has many significant tourist sites that attract visitors from different parts of Iran and the world. Rayen Castle is a prominent citadel, and it belongs to the Sassanid era of Iran. This attraction is highly recommended if you are enthusiastic about the history of this country and want to explore ancient remnants of the region. Overall, Kerman is a beautiful city and features a unique charm that is blended with their old heritage.

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Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest religious practices in the world, and Iran is one of the regions that has a profound connection with this religion. Yazd, one of the beautiful destinations in Iran, is known as the heart of Zoroastrianism, and it houses several attractions that showcase this connection. Yazd Tower of Silence is the symbol of Zoroastrianism in this country, and today, we will explore this beautiful landmark as one of the top things to do in Yazd.

Zoroastrian’s Dakhmeh

Yazd Tower of Silence is recognized as the spiritual center of Yazd. This landmark has one of the largest visitors and tourists in Yazd, attracting those who want to connect with Zoroastrianism deeply and learn more about this religion.

The Tower of Silence in Yazd was the funerary site for Zoroastrians in the past, and until today, it has remained one of the notable heritages of Iran’s history.

This site is not an ordinary landmark; it’s a symbol for the people of Yazd and their old beliefs, reflecting their ancient traditions and practices, which are the world’s oldest religions.

Where Is the Tower of Silence Located?

There are many landmarks all around the country in different regions that are related to the old Zoroastrianism. Nevertheless, Yazd is known as the heart of this religion and the birthplace of many Zoroastrian sites.

The Tower of Silence is located on a hilltop in Yazd. This location provides a lot of scenic views of the Yazd and was chosen to protect the site from pollution and to maintain a sense of separation for spiritual purposes (Location on map).

Yazd is believed to be the main influence of many other regions in Zoroastrianism. So, this site is very important for the cultural heritage of Iran.

The History Behind Tower of Silence

Towers of Silence history is an interesting narrative. When the prophet Zoroaster founded Zoroastrianism, the people of ancient Persia were influenced, and Yazd became the capital of Zoroastrianism. Many Zoroastrians or ancient people of Persia had their faith in this religion and soon became followers.

Towers of Silence’s history became more interesting when Yazd was turned into the Zoroastrian Capital, featuring many fire templates and unique buildings, including the Yazd Tower of Silence.

Today, when you look at Yazd Tower of Silence photos, noticing the details and the unique architecture of this masterpiece, you will certainly get excited and curious about its history.

Can you visit Towers of Silence at night?

One of the most frequent questions is whether to visit the Towers of Silence during the day or night. Towers of Silence is a historical complex and is open during the day. Although the weather of Yazd is milder compared to its days, this historical landmark is mainly open during the daytime.

If you want to avoid the hot temperature of Yazd, you can also visit the Towers of Silence early in the morning. So, don’t worry about the warm temperature of the Yazd, and make sure to visit this historical attraction in the morning.

Towers of Silence Design and Architecture

The design and architecture of the Yazd Tower of Silence in Iran are its key highlights. Showcasing the ancient Persian architectural style, the Towers of Silence Yazd is an interesting blend of symbolism and functionality. The design features of the Towers of Silence photos can symbolize death and purity, along with the composition of natural elements.

The towers are circular and are known as the key concept of Zoroastrianism. It is believed that this circular shape symbolizes the eternal cycle of life and death, building a bridge between these matters. To sum up, the Towers of Silence in Yazd is a must-see attraction.

Yazd Tower of Silence Opening Hours

The Tower of Silence is a popular attraction and has specific opening hours that you should plan before going there. Yazd Tower of Silence’s Opening Hours start from 8 am to 5 pm, making it easier for different travelers and visitors to explore the area.

It is best advised to explore this attraction early in the morning, as the evening can be very crowded. Moreover, getting to the Yazd Tower of Silence won’t be difficult since it is easily available within a 20-minute drive from the city.

Yazd Tower of Silence Facts

Yazd Tower of Silence is full of mystery, and there are great Yazd Tower of Silence facts that you can learn.

This destination is situated on a hilltop outside of the city, so the views are great.

This place is called “Dakhma” in Persian Language.

Tower of Silence Yazd was one of the crucial sites for Zoroastrian practices.

Tower of Silence Yazd is a symbol of purity and life & death.

Tower of Silence Yazd Iran is one of the UNESCO World Heritage sites in Yazd.

Local people of Yazd are in love with the location and atmosphere of the Tower of Silence, and it means a lot to them.

Yazd Tower of Silence Reviews

Yazd Tower of Silence is known as a must-visit destination for anyone interested in reading Zoroastrianism, which is one of the oldest religions in the world. Yazd Tower of Silence reviews show that this place has made wonderful moments for many travelers as it is situated on a top hill, providing panoramic views and a vibrant atmosphere for visitors.

Moreover, Yazd Tower of Silence reviews also suggest that the overall experience can be enhanced by a local guide, and you can gain interesting information about the place. So, make sure to book your flights to Yazd and keep this location in mind.

Suggestions

This destination can be challenging if it is your first time visiting Yazd. First of all, the Tower of Silence is not far from the city, and you can easily reach there by car or taxi.

Secondly, make sure to visit this location early in the morning to avoid any heat or warm weather. These times are also ideal for taking some cool photos.

Thirdly, consider joining a tour to gain knowledge and information about your destination. It can level up your travel experience, and you will learn many things. Last but not least, make sure to bring water with you.

Final Words

Yazd Tower of Silence Iran is a popular destination for lovers of history and those who are interested in studying Zoroastrianism and its heritages. Towers of Silence History showcases the deep connection of Yazd with Zoroastrianism, and it’s necessary to visit and explore this landmark to learn more about this beautiful monotheistic religion. Yazd Tower of Silence Reviews also suggests that this place is a symbol of identity for the people of Yazd, so make sure to visit this location.

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Visiting the traditional bazaars of the cities of Iran is extremely stimulating and fascinating and if you are not familiar with what to purchase for souvenirs, you will probably be confused with the Persian goods. The large amount of variety, especially among Iranian handicrafts and Iranian sweets, will offer you many options which will make it difficult for you to choose between them. For tourists who travel to Iran, the Iranian souvenirs are the most intriguing part of their trip when traveling to different cities and villages of the country. Iran souvenirs are not limited to one or two items in each city and region, and in almost all provinces, you will most definitely find savory foods and sweets that are special to that region, along with countless radiant and exceptional traditional Persian handicrafts.

Here we will guide you with a list of the top 10 Iran Souvenirs you can buy that represent the rich culture and heritage of Iran.

Traditional Iran Souvenirs

Iran boasts outstanding capacities in historical and natural tourism and it is the focus of many tourists all over the world. Souvenirs of Iran and souvenirs from different cities of the country are symbols of the culture, authenticity, and traditions of the Iranian people.

With the booming of the tourism industry, the possibility of economic progress in handicrafts and local products has increased, and residents of cities and villages far from the capital have benefited from better facilities.

A significant part of the supply of souvenirs and handicrafts in different cities is the expansion of the unique culture of obscure regions, like Iran, among domestic and foreign tourists.

Any souvenir from a city can show the cuisine or common customs of that city to other cities and countries and create a deep connection between all people in the world. Many people give souvenirs of different cities as gifts and souvenirs to their loved ones to share in the joy of traveling to different regions.

Handicraft souvenirs from different cities of Iran are among the most valuable goods in the world, which are made by skilled Iranian artists and craftsmen. Most of these traditional crafting industries are rare in the world and can be seen as one of the most popular souvenirs of Iran for any foreign tourist. We will introduce you to the most popular souvenirs of Iran so you will get to know the best to the cheapest souvenirs and handicrafts purchased in the Iranian cities.

Iran Souvenirs List

When visiting Iran, there are a ton of popular souvenirs to consider. Here is a list of the top items you might find worth buying. Iran is known for its rich cultural heritage and offers a wide variety of souvenirs that reflect its history, art, and traditions.

1. Saffron

Iran is one of the largest producers of saffron, and bringing back a small quantity can be a flavorful reminder of your trip. Saffron, known as the “Red Gold” of Iran is prized for its color and medicinal properties. Saffron is a highly valued spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the saffron crocus.

Each saffron strand is actually a stigma from the flower, and it takes thousands of flowers to produce a small amount of saffron, which is why it is one of the most expensive spices in the world. It has a distinctive flavor and golden hue, making it a popular ingredient in various cuisines, especially in Middle Eastern dishes, as well as in traditional medicine and cosmetics.

Saffron is also known for its potential health benefits, including antioxidant properties and mood enhancement. Besides being one of the important edible souvenirs of the country, Iranian saffron is also dominant as an export product.

2. Persian Carpets and Rugs

Iranian rugs and carpets are the most well-known works of art in Iran, which are very appealing to foreigners as Iranian souvenirs. Skilled carpet weavers in every corner of Iran are the makers of the best Iranian rugs and carpets, who weave them in different styles and sizes.

The designs of Shah Abbasi, Kheshti, Shekargahi (Huntsmen), Paisley (Bote-Jeqeh), Afshan, and Derakhti (Tree-like) are among the most popular and ancient designs of Iranian carpets. Persian carpets have always been one of the most beautiful and high-quality carpets in the world and are still very popular among tourists and people of other countries.

These valuable souvenirs can be bought in most cities of Iran, but high-quality Persian carpets can be found as souvenirs in the cities of Kashan, Isfahan, Tabriz, and Arak.

3. Persian Termeh

Cashmere Fabric or Termeh is a kind of precious fabric woven from very delicate fabrics like silk and is one of the elegant textile handicrafts of Iran. This fabric can be seen mostly in the images of kings and princes and their luxurious clothes.

Cashmere fabrics or Termeh are one of the most costly souvenirs of Iran, which are sold in different types of bedspreads, tablecloths, curtains, rugs, and even bags and shoes. Hand-woven Termeh is made of natural silk, wool, and thread through a painstaking process, and this makes this expensive souvenir one of the most popular souvenirs among tourists.

4. Enamel Work (Minaakari)

Among other Iranian souvenirs, you can find decorative Persian enamel tableware. Tourists are very interested in buying these items from Iranian bazaars. This dashing Iranian art, which is mostly done by artists in Isfahan, is drawing and painting on different metals such as silver, copper, and even gold dishes, which has a very long history.

Colorful and beautiful enameled dishes are produced in all kinds of vases, bowls and plates, photo frames, and ornaments and are designed with different geometric shapes or intricate paintings depicting nature.

Minaakari is valuable not only as a precious work of art for the effort to make it but also as a luxurious item and is considered one of the most expensive souvenirs of Iran.

5. Inlaying Technique (Khatamkari)

Khatamkari is another Iranian art related to the Isfahan province, from which aesthetical dishes, enchanting paintings, etc. are made. Unlike Minaakari, which uses paintings of nature to design dishes, inlay, or Khatamkari the main design is done only with small and delicate geometric shapes in the form of triangles.

The finer the design of the Khatam dishes, the higher its value and the double its beauty. The art of inlaying or Khatamkari is one of the most sophisticated arts that can be applied to various items. This original art is the initiative of Iranians, which first spread in Shiraz and then in Isfahan. You can find Khatamkari on various items and even on Persian gameboards like Takhteh.

6. Gaz (Iranian Nougat)

Gaz is one of the top favorite souvenirs of Isfahan. During the Qajar era, Gaz was exported to other countries and it was one of the sweets that were gifted to the kings of various lands.

Gaz is also the most popular Iranian souvenir among foreign tourists. A delicious combination of rose water, pistachio, egg white, sugar, etc. is so fragrant and tasty that many tourists choose Isfahan as their destination to try and buy Gaz. The finest Gaz is also found in other cities like Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Hamedan, Kerman, Fars, and Yazd.

7. Dried Fruits and Nuts

Iranians are famous for their delicious dried fruits (like figs, apricots, raisins, and berries) and nuts (such as pistachios, almonds, walnuts, and hazelnuts). Inside traditional bazaars, you will find decorative wood boxes containing first-class and high-quality edible nuts and dried fruits.

You can gift these delicious and deluxe boxes to your loved ones on various occasions as a gift. Iranian Nuts may also be combined with sweets and candies like Basloq.

8. Copperware

Copper and brass handicrafts, often crafted into decorative items and utensils are often purchased by travelers both for their beauty and health benefits.

Copper dishes are one of the best and most popular dishes in the market because they are made of copper, they have high conductivity and can help us in cooking all kinds of food.

Helping to produce red blood cells, boosting the immune system, improving cardiovascular health, and preventing depression are some of the benefits of these unique copper items sold in Iranian stores.

9. Miniature Paintings and Calligraphy Art

These intricate artworks often depict scenes from Persian literature, history, or everyday life, exhibiting outstanding craftsmanship. Persian calligraphy is an ancient art form; you can find beautiful pieces that showcase this skill.

These writings are categorized into many types such as Islamic texts or famous Persian poetry from Rumi, Hafiz, Ferdowsi, Shams, and countless other great poets of Iran.

10. Lalejin City Pottery

Pottery has long been one of the main handicrafts of Hamedan province and Lalejin city. The hard work of Iranian artists in preparing beautiful and diverse pottery has made this product popular among tourists visiting Hamadan.

Lalejin has become the pottery capital of the world. Pottery is not only a handicraft but also a part of the culture of Hamadan province. You will find so many vibrant and colorful dishes and decorative items in this ancient city.

When purchasing souvenirs, consider looking for items that are ethically produced and sold, and check local regulations regarding exporting certain goods.

Cheapest Things in Iran

There are numerous souvenirs you can purchase in Iran to a point you may find it difficult to choose between them. Some of the items mentioned above may be expensive due to the effort put into making them; also, their prices may vary based on their quality. Some cheaper souvenirs you can buy in Iran can be:

Tasbih and Rings

While walking in any market in Iran, you will come across many shops full of rosary beads in different colors, which are striking offers as Iranian souvenirs.

Rings made of silver, bronze, copper, or precious stones are considered to be the best souvenirs and gifts that have different types of prices. Almost in most shops that have handicrafts, you will find rings that fully display the art of Iran.

Spices

Spices are the secret of the Iranian cuisine. Especially for foreign tourists, spices are a unique souvenir. Since almost every city in Iran has its own spice, by traveling to each city, you can buy a special spice as a souvenir.

Many of these spices, such as damask rose petals, cardamom, Heracleum Persicum, etc., have suitable and pretty packages that you can use as a souvenir or even a perfect gift.

Iranian Candies

Another tasty Iranian sweet souvenir is Sohan. This delicious souvenir from Qom is produced in different types and is one of the best-selling souvenirs in Iran.

Some more sweets are Zulbia Bamiye, Qotab, Fuman cookies, Berenjak, Pashmak (Persian Cotton Candy), Baklava (Tabriz), Halva, Komaj cookies (Hamedan), Masqati Jelly, Gata (Armenian bread), Loz, Nan Panjereie (Window cookies), Nan Qandi (Sweet Dry Bread with sesame), Noghl (Suger coated nuts), Angosht Pich, Nogha sweets, etc.  

Persian Tiles

Patterned and colored tiles can be one of the best options for cheaper souvenirs. In many traditional stores in different cities of Iran, especially in Yazd and Kashan, you can choose your favorite tile and buy a valuable souvenir from among thousands of attractive options, each of which is painted with a beautiful design and a special symbol. You can also use very small tiles painted in Persian textures as magnets for your fridge or room.

Final Word

Souvenirs of Iranian cities are the best items when traveling to different parts of the country. The souvenirs of each Iranian city represent a part of the culture and identity of the people of that region. Handwoven carpets with intricate designs and vibrant colors are among the most sought-after souvenirs from Iran. Each carpet tells a story through its patterns and colors, making it a unique piece of art that can serve as a lasting reminder of one’s visit to Iran. Other popular options include saffron, hand-painted ceramics, and traditional sweets and spices.

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The Silk Road, also part of the ancient Silk Road network, served as a crucial trade route linking the East and West, facilitating not only the exchange of goods such as silk, spices, and precious metals but also the transfer of culture, religion, and technology. The Silk Road has been among the most popular extensive routes in the world throughout history, and its title is mentioned in many textbooks. Even hotels, commercial companies, and restaurants in Iran have given their brand name as The Silk Road. Stretching through various significant cities like Tehran, Isfahan, and Tabriz, the route displays Iran’s historical significance in global trade.

However, our general knowledge regarding the Silk Road is likely limited to the fact that this route was a bridge between Iran and China in the past and played an essential role in the trade and cultural exchanges of these two countries. But the history of the Silk Road is more expansive than we think. Here, we provide you with full information on the famous Silk Road.

About Silk Road

The Silk Road is a network of interconnected roads that were built in the past for the purpose of trade between Asian countries. This road connected East and West and South Asia and also connected Asia to North Africa and Eastern Europe. The Silk Road was known as the largest trade network in the world for 1700 years until the 15th century.

For many years, this route was introduced as the most substantial route in the world. The reason for its high importance, in addition to making trade between countries, kingdoms, and empires possible through the Silk Road, not only were goods exchanged between countries, but also many intellectual and religious beliefs of different nations, from Islam to Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism, were introduced between people, as well as the people of the countries.

Through the existence of the Silk Road, people were informed about the prevailing conditions in other neighboring countries. At that time, by connecting different nations, the Silk Road led to the growth of ideas and inventions and ultimately produced unique products, and as a result, many countries became advanced and independent.

Silk Road History

Where was the Silk Road? The Silk Road was established in the first century BC by the Han Dynasty in China. At that time, this road started from China, and after passing through Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Iran, it continued to Alexandria, Egypt.

According to Chinese sources, “Wu,” the emperor of China, sent a person named “Zhang Qian,” a court eunuch, in 138 BC to discover unknown lands to the west of China. He went on a journey with his slave, and after passing through Gansu province, he reached areas in Central Asia.

Zhang Qian spent a decade in Central Asia, carefully examining the economic and social situations of the local inhabitants. The lands were in the hands of the Huns (nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe) at that time. After a thorough investigation, he fled to his country via Ferghana, now in Uzbekistan.

He then gave the Chinese court the reports prepared from the communication routes of the Huns. The result of his research was China’s encampment in the western lands. The Chinese created a trade route that connected China with the West by conquering Central Asia. This established the ancient Silk Road, which facilitated trade between China, the Parthian Empire, India, and Rome.

From the first century BC to the second century AD, the Silk Road extended along the countries of “China” in East Asia, “Kushan” in Central Asia and North India, “Persia” in West Asia, and “Rome” in Europe. This commercial communication highway was not always open due to the outbreak of war and the settlement of different ethnic groups due to the political pressures of the neighboring nations.

The Parthians (a major Iranian political and cultural power) did not allow these ethnic groups to cross the road to compete with Rome.

Obstacles persisted due to government policies, sometimes hindering trade. The Silk Road discovery finally removed these barriers.

The trade of the Silk Road became very popular among European merchants in the 13th century. The nature of this route, with the discovery of direct sea trade routes, connected European merchants with manufacturers in China and eliminated the role of middlemen in this economic and trade route.

The Birth of the Mongolian Empire

With the formation of the Mongol Empire, from the 12th to the 13th century, the trades of the Silk Road fell into the hands of the Mongols. The empire made a lot of profit during this period. Marco Polo’s family engaged in extensive trade with the Mongols during this era and gained renown as the foremost merchants at the Mongol court with Europe.

Following the decline of the Mongol Empire, control of the Silk Road trade passed into the hands of the Sogdians. The Sogdians, who were of Iranian descent, established themselves in the trans-Nahar region in Central Asia (which corresponds to present-day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan). They organized caravans and journeyed from China to Central Asia and Iran.

The Sogdians were Iranians who settled in the trans-Nahar region in Central Asia (present-day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan). They formed a caravan and traveled from China to Central Asia and Iran.

Silk Road in Iran

The Silk Road was built at the same time as Mehrdad I Parthian kingdom in Iran. With the establishment of this road, extensive economic relations were formed between the Parthian Empire and the Chinese Empire.

In 115 BC, Mehrdad II welcomed the Chinese trade delegation for the first time and signed a treaty with the Han Empire. In this agreement, there was an emphasis on the provision of facilities in international trade affairs, and a strong role was considered for Iran as a transit country.

During the Sassanid period, the Silk Road trade in Iran thrived, bringing considerable wealth to the Sasanian Empire through the exchange of goods. Levying customs duties on caravans was a major source of income for the empire. This business continued in later periods as well, but its prosperity was not as successful as the time in the Sasanian era.

Why Was the Silk Road Known by This Name?

From the 2nd century to the end of the 14th century AD, there was a major trade route from the east to Chang’an (present-day Xi’an in China) and reached Paban in the western part of the Mediterranean. This is how China was linked to the Roman Empire.

Since China had been the largest exporter of silk at the end of the ancient road, in 1877, Ferdinand von Richthofen, a prominent German traveler, geographer, and scientist gave the name “Silk Road” to this popular and busy trade route.

In addition, Marco Polo, the European explorer, also traveled along the Silk Road route and provided unique explanations about the route and the goods that were transported on the Silk Road, but he never gave a name to the road.

Where Did the Silk Road Start and End?

The Silk Road crossed many lands that were known as the Silk Road Countries. It was like a chain, each route linking different countries such as China, India, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Turkey, Egypt, Africa, Greece, Rome, and England. The Silk Road passed through 40 countries in the modern world and connected several continents.

The Silk Road route started from the city of Dunhuang in China, continued towards the state of Gansu, and passed through present-day Eastern Turkestan located in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Through the Bish Baligh route, it reached Samarkand and Bukhara in Uzbekistan, the city of Almaliq, a medieval city in China along the Kazakhstan border, and Atarar, or by its current name today Farab or Otrar.

The main route of the Silk Road started from the Joveyn province of Neyshabur, Mary City in Turkmenistan, Tous City, Sarakhs County, Gorgan, Bam, and Safiabad, and Khorasan to Ray City in Tehran province, and from Ray, it reached Qazvin and Zanjan and the north of Hamedan province.

Later, the Silk Road went from Kabudar Ahang city to the north side of this same city, near Qoli Yaba Mountain, Ardabil, Tabriz, and Yerevan (the capital of Armenia), and from Yerevan, it led to Erzurum and Trabzon (cities in Turkey).

The sub-section of this road led from Samarkand to Khwarazm or Chorasmia, from Khwarazm to Sarai (the capital of the Golden Mongol army) and Hashtarkhan (a city and port in the southeast of European Russia), and from there to the banks of the Dan River and the northern ports of the Black Sea.

Silk Road Route in Iran

The Silk Road in Iran starts from Khorasan Province from the east-west axis and reaches ancient Ray city from the cities of Tous, Neyshabur, Sabzevar, Shahroud, Damghan, Semnan, and Ray, which was a big city. It goes to Qazvin, and from there, it divides into two branches.

From Qazvin, the Silk Road is divided into two separate routes. The road had a way to the northwest, namely the cities of Sarab, Tabriz, and Khoi, and from there, it would reach Iran’s borders and lead to the neighboring country. The other way is to the west, that is, to Hamadan and Kermanshah, and from there again, it passes through Iran’s borders.

In addition to the routes mentioned above, there were other minor routes in Iran that the Silk Road crossed and even connected Iran to other countries of the world through the Persian Gulf.

What Was Traded on the Silk Road?

In the trade relations between Iran and China during the Parthian period, onions and saffron were exported from Iran to China, and in return, peaches, apricots, and silkworms were brought from China to Iran. After that, they used this road to transport precious goods such as precious stones, silk, and spices to the West. The most goods transported on this road were silk. For this reason, its name remained on the road.

From the 7th to the 9th century, trade between China and Western countries through the Silk Road was significantly boosted. In this period, birds, rare animals, pearls, glassware, gold and silver coins, food, musical instruments, and Western and Central Asian clothes were imported to China, and Chinese silk, papermaking and printing techniques, porcelain, gunpowder, and compasses were imported from this country.

The export of different goods to other countries helped advance global civilization. The Silk Road also had cultural impacts, allowing the exchange of religious ideas between the East and the West. For example, it played a key role in the development of Buddhism, turning Buddha’s teachings into a comprehensive belief system.

How Long Was the Silk Road?

The Silk Road, a historical trade route dating back to ancient times, spanned over 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles), making it one of the oldest and longest trade routes in the world. This major route facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and culture between the East and the West, playing a significant role in the development of civilizations along its path.

Ancient Silk Road Map

The Silk Road map illustrates a vast network of routes that extended from China in East Asia, across Central Asia, and into Europe, with endpoints reaching as far as the Mediterranean in the West. Spanning the continents of Asia and Europe, key countries along the Silk Road included China, India, Persia (modern-day Iran), and several regions within present-day Turkey and Europe.

Final Word

The Silk Road was considered the most important route in the world until the 15th century. This road not only made the transfer of goods possible but also caused the transfer of intellectual beliefs such as Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity. Moreover, diseases such as the plague were also spread through this route.

The Silk Road was the main source of trade for many countries, including Iran. In recent years, Iran has sought to revitalize this route by enhancing infrastructure and promoting tourism along this historic pathway, aiming to leverage its geographic position as a modern trade hub.

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