As one of the cities of Isfahan province, Kashan has very valuable historical places. Souvenirs and handicrafts of Kashan city are also very popular among the people of Iran and even the people of the world. With its rich history and culture, this city is known as one of the handicraft production centers in Iran. People who live in this city have arts such as carpet weaving, zari weaving, velvet weaving, and pottery. There are a variety of souvenirs for sale in Kashan city, ranging from beautifully handwoven textiles to delicate ceramic pottery. In this article, we will introduce all kinds of handicrafts and souvenirs of Kashan city, and by introducing these products, we will help those interested in buying souvenirs during their trip to Kashan.

What Is Kashan Famous For?

Kashan is famous for its exceptional handicrafts and souvenirs. Visitors come to this Iranian city to buy beautiful ceramics and pottery with intricate designs and vivid colors.

Persian carpets and rugs from Kashan are also very popular because of their detailed patterns and first-class quality. These handwoven Kashan rugs come in a variety of sizes and designs, making them a popular souvenir.

In addition, Kashan offers exquisite copperware, including trays, pots, and teapots decorated with intricate carvings, as well as traditional textiles such as scarves and colorful shawls.

All of these unique items reflect Iran’s rich cultural heritage and artistic traditions, making Kashan a must-see destination for souvenir hunters and art enthusiasts.

Kashan Handicrafts

Kashan is a city that attracts travelers with its unique combination of history, culture, and artistic taste. While Kashan is famous for its enchanting Persian gardens and architectural wonders, it is equally famous for its extraordinary handicrafts.

These handicrafts are like windows to Iran’s rich cultural heritage, each of which tells a story of artistic skill and dedication.

From intricate ceramics and world-famous Iranian carpets to delicate copperware and fragrant rose water, Kashan offers a treasure trove of souvenirs and handicrafts that allow visitors to take home a piece of Iran’s soul.

What Crafts Are in Kashan?

Kashan is a paradise for handicrafts that covers a wide range of artistic skills. Visitors can discover the world of ceramics, pottery, Persian carpets, copper vessels, traditional textiles, Kashan carpets, miniature paintings, Golabgiri, traditional pottery, calligraphy, and saffron.

These crafts highlight the city’s expertise in creating intricate designs and quality products, making them popular options for souvenirs and souvenirs.

Each of the handicrafts tells a story of the cultural richness of Kashan and the commitment to preserving traditional arts. In the following, we introduce the best Kashan souvenirs and handicrafts you can find.

Kilim and Jajim

The traditional handwoven textiles of Kashan are very valuable because of their quality and craftsmanship. They are usually made from natural materials like wool and cotton, and the production process involves skilled artisans weaving colorful geometric patterns on a wooden loom.

These textiles have a rich history in Kashan and have been used for various purposes, from floor coverings to decorative wall hangings.

To shop for Kilim and Jajim, you can explore local markets, craft workshops, and specialty stores in Kashan, where you will find a wide variety of options to suit different budgets and preferences.

Kashan Pottery

Pottery is a versatile craft that involves shaping clay into various shapes and firing it at high temperatures to create durable and functional objects.

This process starts with choosing the right type of clay, which is then molded into the desired shape by hand or on a potter’s wheel. After that, the formed clay is dried before the firing process is carried out in a kiln.

This firing hardens the clay and turns it into pottery, making it suitable for everyday use, such as dishes, vases, and decorative items.

The history of pottery goes back thousands of years, with evidence of early ceramic production in ancient civilizations around the world. Pottery has evolved over time, and each culture contributes different techniques, designs, and styles.

Zari Bafi

Kashan Zari Bafi is a traditional art form that involves weaving fabric with threads made from precious materials like gold, silver, and silk.

This complex craft has a history dating back about 2,000 years and continues to grow in cities like Kashan. The fabric woven with these precious threads is so valuable that it was once reserved for the clothing of kings and nobility.

Today, it is not only used for clothing but also serves as a decorative element, adding a touch of luxury and elegance to various items. Zari Bafi Kashan is an example of this city’s rich artistic heritage and its constant commitment to preserving and celebrating traditional handicrafts.

Giveh Bafi

Kashan Giveh Bafi is a traditional industry rooted in the village of Nashalj, a part of the Kashan region. Passed down from generation to generation, the people of Nashalj have preserved the art of making Giveh, a type of sturdy and durable footwear.

The process of crafting Giveh involves meticulous attention to detail and results in beautifully woven footwear that is delivered to customers with care.

In Nashalj, you can often witness groups of artisans gathered together and diligently engaged in the weaving of Giveh. Unlike modern footwear, Giveh shoes are known for their durability, providing protection and comfort for the wearer’s feet.

Kashan Edible Souvenirs

Kashan’s attractions are not only known for its historical and architectural wonders but also for its delicious food and souvenirs.

Kashan has a variety of foods, sweets, and desserts with very special and rare flavors. In the following, we will get to know some of the most famous edible souvenirs of Kashan.

Baklava

“Kashan baklava”, which is also known as “Kashan baklava”, is a delicious Iranian sweet originally from the city of Kashan. This sweet dish is made with layers of thin pastry dough, often filled with a mixture of ground nuts, such as almonds or pistachios, and a sweet syrup of sugar, rose water, and sometimes saffron.

The result is a sweet and crunchy dessert that is as pleasing to the eyes as it is to the palate. Kashan Baklava is not only a popular local sweet but also a lovely souvenir for visitors who want to taste the flavors of Kashan at home.

Rose Water (Golab) and Herbal Distillates

Definitely, one of the best souvenirs to buy from Kashan is its unique rose water. Kashan is famous for its fragrant rose gardens, and this natural beauty has been transformed into pleasant products such as rose water and herbal distillates.

The process involves collecting and distilling rose petals to create these fragrant treasures. Kashan rose water is not only famous for its sweet floral scent but also for its culinary and cosmetic uses.

It adds a unique flavor to Persian food and is popular for its skincare properties. In addition, herbal distillates such as lavender and orange blossom are also produced in Kashan, which offer a variety of aromas and therapeutic benefits.

These fragrant souvenirs capture the essence of Kashan’s blooming landscape and are a lovely reminder of your visit to this enchanting city.

Kashan Rose Buds

Kashan is famous for its many roses and delicate rose buds. These tiny flowers are hand-picked during the annual rose harvest, a tradition that has endured for centuries.

Kashan rose buds are prized for their fragrance and are often used to make soothing rosebud tea or as an aromatic addition to culinary creations. Beyond their culinary appeal, these rose buds are also valuable for their use in traditional Persian beauty rituals.

Pashmak (Cotton Candy)

Kashan Pashmak, a sweet and fluffy delight, has a rich history dating back centuries. To make this delicious treat, artisans start by heating and melting sugar into a thick syrup.

Then, they use a special tool to spin and stretch the syrup into fine threads. These threads are gathered into delicate wisps, creating the cotton candy’s airy texture.

Kashan Pashmak is often flavored with ingredients like saffron or rosewater to give it a distinct Kashan twist. The result is a sugary cloud that melts in your mouth, leaving a delightful sweetness.

The history of Kashan Pashmak is intertwined with the city’s ancient culture and culinary traditions. It is believed that in the past of Iran, this dish was a favorite of the royal family and nobles and displayed its luxurious appeal.

Today, Pashmak is still a beloved sweet in Kashan, which is favored by both locals and visitors.

Cookies

Kashan Cookies, known as “Koloocheh,” are traditionally made from a blend of flour, butter, sugar, and aromatic spices like cardamom and rosewater.

The dough is carefully kneaded, rolled out, and then filled with various sweet fillings, such as date paste, ground nuts, or fragrant spices.

The cookies are often shaped into beautiful patterns and then baked to golden perfection. Once cooled, they are dusted with powdered sugar or lightly drizzled with rosewater syrup for a sweeter taste. Also, their intricate designs and pleasant flavors make them a popular choice for gift-giving and hospitality.

Haji Badam (Almond Cookie)

Haji Badam Kashan is made by skillfully roasting almonds until they become crunchy and golden. These roasted almonds are then coated in a sugary syrup, often infused with flavors like saffron and rosewater, which give Haji Badam Kashan its unique taste.

Afterward, the coated almonds are left to cool and harden, creating a sweet and nutty delight that is both satisfying and flavorful.

The history of Haji Badam Kashan dates back to ancient times, and it is a beloved snack that has been shared among friends and families during celebrations and gatherings. Its crunchy texture and sweet coating make it a popular choice for those with a sweet tooth.

Abbas Ali Bread

Abbas Ali Bread has a history rich in tradition. This round and flatbread is made with love from simple ingredients: wheat flour, water, salt, and sometimes a touch of yeast.

The dough is carefully kneaded and divided into small portions, which are then rolled into thin circles. These circles are baked in a hot, traditional clay oven called a “tanoor.” The result is a soft, fluffy bread with a slightly crispy exterior, perfect for scooping up Kashan’s delicious stews and dips.

Final Word

Souvenirs to buy in Kashan include unique handicrafts with a rich history and very special foods and sweets. Kashan’s souvenirs and handicrafts offer not just material possessions but also a link to the soul of Iran.

When you bring home a piece of Kashan, you are carrying a part of the country’s history, culture, and artistic spirit with you.

So, as you explore the bustling bazaars and workshops of Kashan, make the most of your time and enjoy the intricate details, vivid colors, and stories that Qar has to offer. These souvenirs are not mere objects.

They are cherished souvenirs of your trip to the heart of Iran and a reminder of the beauty and art in this beautiful city.

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Deserts are a true wonder among the world’s vast lands and natural realm; a place where people can have leisurely activities, ride camels and desert sleds, relax by the fire, observe the sky, study the natural habitat, and many more. One of the top and renowned deserts in the world is the Lut Desert of Iran, or simply known as Dasht e Lut.

During summer, the Lut desert is one of the hottest locations on earth and has broken the world’s record for its peculiarity. The Lut desert is also marked as a World Heritage site in Iran by UNESCO. Lut Desert is a spectacular spot covered in wavy brown dunes full of opportunities with numerous exhilarating activities awaiting daring visitors.

Where is Lut Desert?

The vast Lut desert is located in the southeast of Iran and is so enormous that it expands across three different provinces in Iran that are Sistan and Baluchestan, Kerman, and Western Khorasan province.

This large arid land stretches from the north to the south, and from the western side, it starts in the Nayband fault to the Nahbandan fault located on the eastern side of the desert.

The Area of the Lut Desert

The serene Lut Desert of Iran is 900 kilometers in length and 300 kilometers in breadth. If you see the Lut desert map, you will notice that almost 70 percent of the Lut desert is located in the Kerman province and the other 30 percent in the other provinces.

The total area of the Lut desert is around 20,000 square miles, and it’s the second largest desert in Iran after the Dasht-e Kavir desert. Lut desert takes up to ten percent of the area of the country and has become a renowned place for visitors who enjoy exciting desert activities.

Lut Desert Climate

The Lut desert was recognized as the hottest place on earth from 2003 to 2010, with a temperature of 70.7 °C (159.3 °F). Although, the temperature drops during the night. From June to October, the desert encounters strong winds that move sediments around and cause aeolian erosions on a large scale.

For this reason, the movement of sand in the desert brings forth some of the best dunes, land formations, and yardangs in the world. The Lut desert is located in an interior basin that is surrounded by large mountains.

Its climate is hyper-arid, which means that the desert is very dry, however, recent studies showed the presence of rain and water has increased significantly in the Lut desert.

The Lut desert weather is hot during the day, but at night, the temperature drops so low that some visitors may feel very cold. Unlike the hot climate of the desert, the winds and rain may be extremely harsh with luminous thunderstorms.

These blustery winds and sandstorms help clear the sky at night to a point where you will feel like the sky full of stars is touching your eyes!

The reason for the low temperature at night is the lack of water in the desert. Because there is no water evaporation, the climate varies from day to night and causes a tremendous change in the weather.

Does anyone live in the Lut Desert?

Living permanently in harsh conditions is certainly not possible for a person, and this region is imaged as a location with no living organisms.

However, the Lut desert possesses notable fauna and flora that have adapted to these conditions over the passing years. Scientists and biologists have discovered certain living organisms (such as small crustaceans) swimming inside the Lut Lakes.

Why is the Lut Desert the hottest place on earth?

Lut Desert temperature is constantly shifting; therefore, it is impossible to regard the Lut Desert as the hottest place on Earth.

Even though this large Iranian desert has been one of the hottest spots on Earth, its temperature will change from time to time.

However, in 2005, NASA recorded the Lut desert temperature to be around 80 degrees Celsius. According to Parviz Kardavani, an Iranian geographer, the central crater of the Lut desert, which is approximately 75 kilometers from the Shahdad region, is the hottest location on Earth.

The combination of metals on the surface of the ground and darker sand dunes is the reason for the high temperature of the Lut desert. Nevertheless, with the recorded temperature by NASA, the Lut desert has not had any scientific reports with a similar climate since its previous reports.

Lut Desert Tourism

The vastness of the desert and its diverse geographical regions have provided a large place for visitors to perform various activities and participate in countless desert tours.

Lut desert boasts exotic and distinctive areas for desert lovers. Some of the best areas for desert tourism are in the Shahdad region and the Kerman yardangs.

Observing The Night Sky

Dasht-e Lut is one of the most outstanding locations for observing the night sky. Astronomers and campers often visit this massive plateau to watch the night sky filled with millions of stars, including the glowing Milky Way.

During summer, winds blow across the desert, thus clearing the sky and creating a perfect opportunity for sky observations. Astronomical desert tours take place in the Lut desert annually, where visitors bring advanced telescopes to study and observe the enchanting galaxies.

Lut Desert Lakes

You would not believe that a place with such an extreme climate would embrace a large lake. But it is true! The dried river beds in the desert show that in the past, water was present in this place, and over time, due to climate change, these giant ancient lakes and rivers have dried up.

Now, these riverbeds are sometimes filled with little water during the rainy seasons. In the Southeastern parts of the desert, where we reach a salt lake, the climate is found to be more humid. Experts are still discovering rare living organisms in the desert lakes.

Safari, Cycling, and Riding Motorbikes

One of the most common and exhilarating desert activities is desert safari and riding motorbikes on the orange sand dunes. With the largest dunes, ridges, and yardangs that extend up to 40 kilometers, the Lut desert is an extraordinary spot for activities for adrenaline junkies and thrillseekers.

Walking in the protected areas of the desert, you will see groups of racers and cyclists competing and riding over the bare sand. Campers and adventurers visit the Lut desert often and cherish the unforgettable off-road ride on this picturesque large plateau.

Camel Riding

Not only you can get a chance to experience riding cars, bikes, and bicycles, but also encounter thrilling camel riding activities.

A guide will help you around and lead you ahead with the camels while you watch the striking scenery and ride the camels. It surely is a special opportunity to confront the ancient past in this distinguished location on Earth.

Photography

Have a chance to take the best desert shots in Iran. You can take the most perfect scenic pictures with your camera. The large land formations, river bed trails, camels, bikers and racers, native fauna and flora, the ancient historic cities found in the Lut desert, and the hotels are some of the top things to take a photo of.

The next time you decide to visit a place, you can add the captivating Lut desert to your list and bring your camera with you.

Lut Desert Accommodations

Here is the list of Lut Desert Accommodations:

Shahdad Desert Campers

The unique-looking Shahdad Desert camps were successfully opened around twenty years ago for tourists and journeyers to reside peacefully during their stay in the desert.

The campers are made out of woven palm tree barks and leaves, which offer rooms for forty guests in total with electricity, taps for drinking water, a supermarket for essential products, washrooms, and showers.

The campers are also in contact with the emergency services in case of an urgent matter. Please note that, due to the harsh weather conditions of the desert, the desert camp may close at a specific time of the year, so please double-check with the camp to ensure that their services are available for you.

Lut Star Eco-Camp

In recent years, a convenient Eco-camp has been set up for all visitors to enjoy their stay in the Grand Lut Desert. Lut Star Eco-camp holds up to 80 beds.

The camp is located in the east of the ancient city of Shahdad inside a village called “Malek-Abad”. The facilities of this Eco-camp include a parking lot, internet connections, a coffee shop, and a tour guide to help you find the best locations in the Lut desert.

Recommendation

Inside the Lut desert are situated multiple places of stay, such as hotels, eco-camps, and other accommodations. Based on your preferences, you can choose your favorite shelter.

Some of the other best places we recommend are Kashkilo Eco-camp Shahdad, Baba Ata Hotel, Payab Hotel, Aghigh Eco-camp, Kaloot Eco-camp, Gandom Beriyan Eco-camp, Toranj Eco-camp, and Hoor-Banoo Eco-camp.

Lut Desert Facts

Here are some interesting facts about the Lut Desert:

Shahr-e Sukhte

The Lut desert was once a place of residence in ancient Persia. In 2,500 B.C., the arid Lut desert was home to a thriving civilization called the ancient city of Shahdad.

Today, this area is known as the Shahdad region. Another enormous prehistoric city belonging to the Bronze Age was also excavated by archeologists in the eastern part of the Lut desert, which went by the name of Shahr-i-Sokhta.

This city was marked by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 2014. It has been regarded as a highly valuable location to the Iranian heritage.

Killer of all Microorganisms

Dasht-e Lut is full of mysteries and has many regions that no man has ever walked through. On the other hand, the desert bears incredible features.

As an example, many experts claim that due to the extreme temperatures of central areas of the Lut desert, no bacteria are able to survive in this climate, and it will result in their death.

Discovery of other Ancient Civilizations

In a region called “Zangi Ahmad”, a place deprived of any water or flora, an archeological site in the shape of a ruined tower is to be seen, and around it, colored glass and artifacts (pottery) were found by archeologists.

The Jurassic Period

Moreover, in recent years, a fossil of a dinosaur nail was discovered in the Lut desert, which is still undergoing research by experts.

This giant endless Lut desert of Iran bears hundreds of mysterious stories that are yet to be discovered.

Why is the desert called “Lut”?

The word “Lut” translates to the word “barren” in English. Archeologists claim that before the history of mankind, the Lut desert was the heart of a large sea called “Tis”.

Eventually, the climates changed, and the sea dried up, leaving a massive amount of sea salt on the barren land. Though the story may not be one hundred percent authentic, there has been evidence showing the existence of historical civilizations and cities under the dunes and landforms of the Lut desert.

After the discovery of this giant arid property, Iranians decided to name this desert “Lut” due to the lack of life forms in the desert and its barren grounds.

Lut Desert UNESCO

As mentioned above, the Grand Lut desert is remarked as a greatly valuable location pertaining to thousands of years ago. Hence, it was included in the list of World Heritage sites as the 33rd world’s largest desert by UNESCO on July 17th, 2016.

Final Words

Dasht-e Lut is truly a mysterious place with a buried history that is yet to be found by historians. It features many activities for adventurers. You can participate in racing competitions, go on a safari, relax by the fire and camp, ride camels, stroll around the dunes, and take the most striking images.

You wouldn’t have to worry about the limitations of your journey since there are numerous accommodations for you to choose from and enjoy the desert view. If you are fond of watching the night sky in a desert, the Lut desert of Iran will be an excellent location for you.

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Tepe Sialk is an ancient area in the southwest of Kashan, which is 8000 years old and is considered one of the oldest known civilizations in the world. Tepe Sialk was placed in the list of national works of Iran with the number 38 in 1931.

Sialk Archeological Hills is one of the sights of Kashan, which contains the works of different eras of human civilization, including the Neolithic Age, the Copper and Stone Age, the Age of Urbanization, the Iron Age, and the Median Period.

The most important civilizational works known in Sialk include the first man-made villages and houses, the first domesticated animals and plants, the first pottery and metal melting furnaces, and the first works of calligraphy and writing. Join us as we explore this magnificent historical hill together.

Tepe Sialk History

During the years 1933 to 1937, the ancient site of Tepe Sialk Iran was explored for the first time by the French archaeological team headed by Roman Ghirshman.

He estimated the history of this civilization to be about 10 thousand years. After the termination of Girshman’s activities and the publication of his reports, no attention was paid to Sialk until 2001, when the Iranian archeological group went to Tepe Sialk.

The Iranian archeology team headed by Dr. Sadegh Malek Shahmirzadi explored this historical area during the years 2001 to 2006.

His exploration team, which was selected from all experts in different fields, even from other countries, achieved new results during five seasons of exploration, among which we can mention the discovery of Sialk Ziggurat, a place of worship that Roman Girshman (the discoverer of ChoghaZanbil Ziggurat) had failed to discover.

After the completion of Dr. Malek Shahmirzadi’s excavations, some parts of this ancient site changed, and Dr. Hasan Fazeli also undertook archaeological excavations in Sialk Hill in 2007-2008. The results of this research have been published in several books and are available to everyone.

Who Built the Ziggurat of Tepe Sialk?

The exact identity of the builders of Tepe Sialk remains uncertain due to the site’s antiquity and the complex layers of history it represents.

Tepe Sialk has been occupied by different civilizations and cultures throughout its history, spanning thousands of years. The site’s construction and development are attributed to these successive societies, which include prehistoric, proto-Elamite, and later Elamite inhabitants.

The proto-Elamite civilization is mainly associated with the development of Tepe Sialk. The Elamites were an ancient people who inhabited the region of present-day southwestern Iran.

They are thought to have played a significant role in the construction and evolution of the site’s architecture and structures. Tepe Sialk’s history is complex and layered, and multiple generations and groups likely contributed to its construction and development over time.

The site’s archaeological remains provide insights into the evolution of architecture, burial practices, and cultural dynamics, showcasing the interactions of various societies that inhabited the area over millennia.

Tepe Sialk Age

The site’s most ancient layers date back over 7,000 years, showcasing the existence of early settlements and human activities.

These remnants provide a tangible link to a time when societies were just beginning to organize themselves into more structured communities, relying on innovative techniques to build their homes and shape their way of life.

As we move through Tepe Sialk’s stratigraphy, we encounter traces of later ages as well. The Proto-Elamite period, which flourished around 3200-2700 BCE, marks a significant phase in the site’s history.

During this era, the inhabitants displayed advanced architectural skills, constructing intricate structures and employing perfect pottery techniques. The subsequent Elamite civilization left its mark on Tepe Sialk, with the site becoming a center for trade, culture, and religious practices.

Tepe Sialk Ziggurat

Ziggurats are distinct architectural structures that were typically constructed by ancient Mesopotamian civilizations, such as the Sumerians and Babylonians.

These ziggurats were massive stepped pyramids with multiple levels, often topped by a temple dedicated to a goddess. The ziggurat’s design symbolized a connection between the earth and the heavens, and it served as a religious and administrative center for the city-state.

Historical periods of Tepe Sialk

Based on excavations and studies, archaeologists have divided the works in Tepe Sialk into six cultural periods, which are named from old to new, respectively, from Sialk 1 to Sialk 6.

Some of these works have been displayed in the showcases according to chronological order. In the following, we will describe these periods and the works left from them.

The First Period

The first period spans from 8,000 to 7,300 years ago, which is related to the oldest or first inhabitants of the northern hill. The Sialk people lived in small groups on the northern hill in houses made of non-durable materials such as reeds and wood.

During this period, people were hunters and gatherers and provided their main food by hunting wild animals such as rams, boars, gazelles, and deer and spent their time gathering fruits and snacks and seeds of wild plants such as pistachios, almonds, etc.

In the showcases of this section, you will see works such as stone tools for hunting and cutting, the first handmade pottery of this period, necklace beads, a millstone for grinding wheat and barley seeds, a clay scythe for harvesting and carbonized plant seeds.

The Second Period

The second period includes 7200 to 6700 years ago. The small community living on the northern hill, who lived in temporary houses, prospered during this period and built a small village.

These simple houses were built with layers and handmade clay. The people of this period had learned agriculture and animal husbandry well and used domestic animals and plants.

Also, the Tepe Sialk pottery history of this period was more elegant than the previous period and was decorated with black geometric and plant motifs. The works of this period include clay cooking pots, handmade clay, spinning Sialk, and clay figurines.

The Third Period

The third period is called the interval between 6300 and 5400 years ago when the Sialk people moved from the northern hill to the southern hill.

Here, they built houses with a more standard architecture consisting of a room, a stove, and a niche. During this period, people managed to extract copper metal.

The invention of the pottery wheel also belongs to the third period. From the objects of this period, we can mention the clay pieces with animal, human, and plant patterns and the remains of the copper metal smelting process and its products.

The Fourth Period

The fourth period starts from 5300 years ago and continues until 4900 years ago. During this period, the population increased, and trade expanded consequently.

During this period, Khan, or the local ruler in Sialk, held power and controlled society politically and administratively. The showcase objects of this period include bowls with curved edges, clay plates, and cylindrical seals.

The Fifth Period

Sialk Hill was probably used by new people for settlement from 3,600 to 3,000 years ago. One of the important characteristics of this period was the emergence and spread of gray pottery, which according to some archaeologists, these pottery shows the arrival of Aryan tribes in the region.

There are not many works and pieces of evidence of this period left in the area, and only the foundations of some houses have been found.

The Sixth Period

This period covers 3000 to 2700 years ago and is the last period of settlement in Sialk Hill, after which the Sialk area is abandoned forever, and its people are scattered in other areas of Kashan plain and continue their lives.

In this period, the tradition of making patterned pottery was revived, and tubular vessels with a special shape and Aryan motifs, such as warriors, winged horses, and more, became popular.

Among the works and remains of this period, we can mention the large adobe structure and the B-Sialk cemetery, 150 meters northwest of South Hill, which includes 217 graves, only 70 of which are safe and intact.

Tepe Sialk Pottery Price

The pottery found in Tepe Sialk has great historical and cultural value that goes beyond mere monetary considerations.

These pottery pieces provide a deep connection with the past and provide a glimpse into the life, customs, and artistic expression of ancient civilizations.

As such, it is challenging to assign a definitive price tag to these works, as their value goes beyond financial criteria.

Due to their importance, Tepe Sialk pottery sherds are often regarded as historical treasures preserved by reputable institutions, collectors, and experts who understand the importance of protecting our common human heritage.

While their value to researchers and enthusiasts cannot be overstated, it is important to approach the evaluation and acquisition of such artifacts with sensitivity and respect for the historical context, cultural significance, and ethical considerations associated with the antiquities trade.

Final Word

In the end, Tepe Sialk is an ancient puzzle waiting for curious minds to solve. Digging into its layers reveals stories from long ago when people lived in different ways than we do now. This place holds clues about their homes, what they made, and even how they said goodbye to their loved ones.

It is like a window into a time we can only imagine, and with each discovery, we get closer to understanding the secrets hidden beneath the soil. So, If you are planning to travel to Iran, be sure to visit the historical city of Kashan and put Tepe Sialk at the top of your to-do list.

Are you planning to travel to Iran and looking for an Iran resort? Consider Matinabad eco resort. Maybe the things to do in Kashan are also interesting for you.

What is rose water? The fragrant rose water is made from a combination of water and rose petals. A liquid used in perfumes and cosmetics that also bears countless benefits for the body.

Rose water is made by the distillation of the rose petals and the result is a very sweet and aromatic smell of rose extract. The creation and use of Damask rose water has been an extremely common activity in Iran for thousands of years. In fact, it’s believed that Persia was the birthplace of this popular scented extract.

Damask roses have many purposes, from syrups, perfumes, sweets, and herbal tea, to make-up products, herbal medicines, and a lot more.

Iranians have always regarded rose water as something valuable in their culture. Annually, rose water ceremonies are taken place in many rural villages in Iran, with hundreds of visitors enjoying the eccentric performances.

What is Rose Water Benefits?

For numerous centuries, medical books and scriptures have introduced the benefits of aromatic rose water. Many doctors, especially herbalists recommend the use of rose water to their patients since its medicinal values are unbelievably effective for both the body and the mind.

Today, some of the medications found in the pharmacy use damask rose water as one of their raw material ingredients. Here are some of the benefits of rose water.

Anti-inflammatory Properties

Having fresh and clear skin plays an important role in our facial appearance. One of the substantial benefits of rose water is having anti-inflammatory properties.

Rose water contains Flavonoids, anthocyanin, and polyphenols, which help prevent inflammation and swelling. Moreover, rose water also protects the skin from UV light from the sun.

Acne can be a bothersome issue to deal with, but with the use of rose water, the red swollen bumps can be reduced and healed over time.

An Anti-oxidant

In your local market, you will come across countless food products that act as antioxidants. These antioxidants are chemicals that will hinder and lower any effects from free radicals.

Damask rose petals are rich with antioxidant qualities which are perfect for the protection of skill cells against any injuries or impairments.

A study found that rose water antioxidants bear potential lipid peroxidation inhibitory effects that, as a result, it will foster significant cellular protection.

Heals a Sore Throat

Most doctors prescribe antibiotics to patients who suffer from sore throats. However, rose water is one of those handy home remedies for sore throat that is used regularly in Iran and many eastern countries to treat a painful infected throat. Since rose water fights against infection, it is an efficacious product to consume for less severe symptoms of sore throat.

Improves Digestion

According to traditional medicine, rose water extract or oil is a common and useful medical solution to digestive disorders. In 2008, a study found that rose water can promptly cure digestive diseases such as cramps and poor digestion.

Adding a few drops of rose water extract to a warm cup of tea or water can repair the stomach acids and any pain regarding digestion. Because the damask rose has a warm temperament, it warms the stomach and slowly heals the digestive system.

Prevents Infections

Rose water has powerful antiseptic properties that can prevent infections immediately. This is why rose water extracts have been used in traditional medicine for many years.

Some eye drops found in the pharmacy include damask rose extract in their ingredients to stop infections in the eye and reduce inflammation in the sclera.

Reduces Stress

Many studies have shown that the consumption of rose water can have a potential effect on a person’s stress level and habits. For this reason, certain medications taken for depression and anxiety contain this aromatic rose extract.

Rose water for skin

A frequent question about the benefits of damask rose water is, “How effective is rose water for the skin?” Rose water is also a potent ingredient in a lot of beauty products, such as facial moisturizers and body lotions.

It has anti-aging qualities that will help remove wrinkles by rehydrating your skin and getting rid of dead skin cells. The production of oil on your face might be unbalanced.

Therefore, with the use of natural rose water, you will obtain healthy and fresh skin. You will see favorable results by applying the product to your skin over some time. In addition, rose water extract will alleviate and reduce any sort of pain and soreness in irritated skin.

Revives Respiration

Last but not least, rose water has relaxant effects on the respiratory system, which will aid in fluent inhalations. Breathing in the fragrance will boost your mood and open up your lung air sacs for fresh and clear respiration.

In many of the Iranian ceremonies, rose water is sprayed into the air for better respiration and to improve the ambiance of the place.

What rose water is used for?

As we pointed out earlier about the multiple purposes of the damask rose water, it could be used for various purposes. Some of the food products in the market contain damask roses.

Because of its intense sweet scent, damask rose extract is used in handmade incense sticks, perfumes, cosmetics, toners, face washes, creams, and body lotions to provide a pleasant fragrance.

A Perfume

In medieval times, during festivals, rose water was used for washing hands before a meal. The fragrant rose water was also used as perfume and sprayed onto the face for an attractive scent.

In India, rose water is sprinkled on guests to welcome them to a wedding. Rose water is also a typical agent used in religious ceremonies such as Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Baháʼí Faith.

In traditional Persian ceremonies, even funerals, rose water is sprinkled to heal the respiration system and brighten up the atmosphere. Rose water ceremonies are quite common in Iran.

Every year, Matin Abad Eco Camp will hold rose water ceremonies where locals extract damask rose water through traditional methods. Natives and tourists from all around the world gather to encounter the unique Persian rose water ceremony.

How can You use it as a perfume?

To enhance your mood, you can pour rose water into a spray bottle and spray it into your room or pillow at times of stress or for a more pleasant sensation.

For your skincare routine, you may want to add rose water to your list due to its powerful benefits. Bathe with rose water by pouring a sufficient amount into your bathtub.

After washing your face with your preferred product, try washing your face with rose water, then rinse it with water.

You can add rose water essential oil to a cotton ball and apply it to your face. This will help heal all sorts of skin problems and leave you with a glowing and spotless skin.

Rose water for cooking

The most favored use of rose water is in cooking and brewing herbal teas. For an aromatic experience, you can use rose water to drink herbal tea by adding the extract to your earl gray afternoon tea.

When baking cake or sweets, add a few drops of rose water to your ingredients, and you will be amazed by the results. Not only will it make your food have a sweet scent, but also its healing properties can help you in many ways.

Iran is one of the many countries that are the source and mother country of damask rose water or Golab. If you wish to taste the best Golab or rose extract, you should definitely spend your next vacation in Iran.

Rose water is one of the top ingredients in Persian cuisine after saffron. You can find Golab in Ice creams, cookies like Koloocheh, baklava, bread, jam, Faloodeh, juices and herbal drinks, scented dairy products, popular dishes like Ghromeh Sabzi stew, rice, and many more.

How to make rose water?

Making rose water is not a very troublesome task. There are three principal methods of making rose water. Distillation, simmering, and essential oil. Distillation is the primary method of obtaining the fragrant extract of the damask rose petals.

To get rose water through distillation, you will need damask rose petals, a saucepan, a metallic heat-proof bowl, ice cubes, and half a gallon of distilled water.

To start, place the bowl inside the saucepan, then add the petals (thoroughly washed) into the bowl. Add the distilled water and submerge the petals. Place the lid of the pot upside down over it and add the ice cubes on top.

The water should begin to boil. Lower the heat and simmer for 30-45 minutes. Remove the lid and check if the petals have lost their color. If yes, you now have rose water. Let it cool, and pour it into a bottle for use.

Best Rose Water Brands in the Iranian Market

If you plan on buying damask rose water in Iran as a souvenir or perhaps for personal use, knowing which brands in the market have the highest quality is of great importance.

We recommend Rabi, Sahar Khiz, Nazoon, Zahra, and Toranj. These brands also provide more extracts such as mint water, fumitory water, and other herbs. You may like to try other healing extracts as well.

Lastly

Rose water is undoubtedly one of the best ingredients recognized in the world. Its popularity in Persian cuisine, alongside its ceremonies, has attracted many visitors for hundreds of years. Not to forget its healing abilities, rose water can help the mind and body in countless ways.

The effectiveness of rose water for hair and skin has been confirmed by many doctors. Herbal experts have always recommended this elixir to their patients because of its reviving properties. The sweet and aromatic scent of damask roses will influence your spirit and lift your soul.

Are you planning to travel to Iran and looking for an Iran resort? Consider Matin abad eco resort.

The Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan is another wonderful historical monument found in the scenic city of Kashan in the Isfahan province. The mosque boasts one of the most phenomenal architectural designs in Iran and has been a tourist destination for so long. The Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan is a place where you will experience a large group of men and women praying in synchrony and performing their religious duties.

Not only will you see the hospitable devotees, but also get the chance to observe the blend of vibrant Islamic architecture and Iranian culture. The glorious Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan has also been a popular cinematic location in Iran for numerous Persian films and tv shows. Here, we are going to present you with one of Iran’s top locations for readers who are highly fond of antiquity.

Agha Bozorg Mosque History

The scenic city of Kashan is a very old city in the cultured country of Iran and embraces a large number of historical monuments built by different dynasties. The magnificent Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan is one of Iran’s masterpieces from the late 17th century.

What is the History of the Agha Bozorg Mosque?

Being a top tourist attraction in Iran, the Agha Bozorg Mosque and School holds a rich history of its own. The mosque’s construction dates back to the Qajar dynasty.

It was first built by the order of Mohammad Shah of Qajar in the late 17th century. It took 8 years to finalize the construction of the Agha Bozorg Mosque. This elegant monument which shines like a gem in the middle of a desert was crafted by an architect master Haj Muhammed Sa’ban-ali Posht Mashhadi.

The Religious School

Inside the mosque, a school was used for religious teachings that were once directed by Muhammad Mahdi Naraqi, who was a Twelver Shi’i scholar, moral philosopher, and theologian in the early 18th century.

You can see the reticulated windows of these schools around the massive courtyard of the Mosque. These rooms used for Islamic classes are called Ravaq.

The Kashan Earthquake

In around the 1780s, a massive earthquake shook the historical city of Kashan and damaged most of the old buildings and cultural sites. However, over the years, the rulers from the Qajar dynasty have helped rehabilitate these cherished landmarks and have brought them back to life once again.

The incredible Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan has gone through several changes and reconstructions, but it still stands today beautifully as a historical cultural heritage of Iran.

Why is the mosque called Agha Bozorg?

Mullah Muhammed Mahdi Naraqi was once a religious man in charge of the teachings of Islamic scriptures to his students. When Naraqi’s son was born, according to the old Iranian traditions, his son took his father’s name.

For the people of Kashan to summon and call for Mr. Naraqi (the father), they would refer to him by the name “Agha Bozorg,” which means “The great Sir” in Persian. Thus, due to the repeated usage of the name by the Kashani People, the title of the mosque was derived from the name of this religious man working daily in the exquisite Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan.

Agha Bozorg Mosque Architecture

As you can see, the stunning Agha Bozorg Mosque Photos holds the most sophisticated Islamic architecture found in Iran. The unique and age-old walls decorated with precious stones and gold are absolutely worth seeing.

What makes this place so special in Kashan is the striking ornamentations used in the formation of the mosque. In addition, Agha Bozorg Mosque is the only 5 story Mosque operable in the world.

Introverted Architecture in Agha Bozorg Mosque

This historical landmark not only illustrates the unique Islamic architecture, as well as the Iranian embellishments, but it also portrays Western architecture, such as the picturesque Ali Qapu Palace in Isfahan City.

Like many of Iran’s historical palaces, mansions, and mosques, the Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan has an introverted architecture. This type of architecture usually uses a large structure to surround a large courtyard in the center of the entire structure.

You will commonly see a pool in the heart of the courtyard as well. This type of construction was very typical in the past and was used to ensure the security and privacy of the building. Most of the time, the exterior part of the structure bears a simpler design, and the interior holds the most luxurious decorations.

The fundamental Construction of Agha Bozorg Mosque

Agha Bozorg Mosque has a very unique kind of architecture that was common hundreds of years ago in Iran. The mosque is built in a form of a sunken courtyard, just like the Abbasi House of Kashan.

The base of the structure is supposed to be lower than the ground level outside the building. You can feel this sunken formation when you step down to the mosque from the entrance. There are sometimes descending stairs leading you to the interior section of the monument.

Inside the Agha Bozorg Mosque

The Agha Bozorg Mosque is actually a combination of both a mosque and a school. As mentioned earlier, the mosque was used for prayers, and the school was for the teachings of Islam.

The rooms or Ravaq surrounding the large courtyard in the center of the mosque have windows made of bricks and clay in a reticulated design.

When you walk inside the mosque, you will approach several arched entrances leading to a dome. The dome is decorated with colorful Muqarnas (a very complex geometric vaulting) and stucco.

Agha Bozorg mosque is one of the mosques in Iran that holds three Shabestan or vast chambers having identical parallel pillars with ventilation systems that were used for the gathering of Muslims during prayers.

One of the most impressive features of the Agha Bozorg Mosque is the combination of a mosque, a school, and the embellished Shabestans that are all connected in such a subtle form.

The large main dome of Agha Bozorg Mosque is built on eight large pillars. Unlike the other mosques with a sanctuary on the southern side of the mosques built in Iran, the Agha Bozorg Mosque has the south, the southern west, and southern east sides of the mosque open, and the sanctuary is built on a porch surrounding the entire undersection of the large dome.

The Sophisticated Ornamentations in the Mosque

The vivid and captivating paintings found inside the mosque are drawn by Haj Muhammed Baqeri Qamsari. Within the heart of the Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan, you will come across several inscriptions and remarkable calligraphy works that are written from the Holy Quran.

These precious inscriptions are the works of four exceptional architect masters, AsadAllah, Muhammed Hossein Kashi, Seyyed Sadeq Kashani (a very renowned calligrapher), and Haj Ibrahim Moaarefi.

Agha Bozorg Mosque Reviews

Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan has had tremendously optimistic reviews from hundreds and hundreds of visitors, both Iranians and enthusiastic tourists who are passionate about traveling around the world.

Visitors who left a review have claimed that the stunning Agha Bozorg Mosque exhibits one of the most breathtaking architectures in the globe and is a wonderful spot that is definitely worth a visit.

Other reviews mentioned how incredibly firm the structure has been and has stayed intact for several years. The fantastic work of the architects of this mosque will surely leave a positive impact on you.

The balance in the construction of the interior part of the mosque is extremely accurate and had been considered greatly by the men who worked hard to erect this grand mosque in Kashan.

Moreover, many reviewers stated that this landmark is not only a perfect place to encounter the magnificent historical architecture of Iran, but it also is an astounding place to watch the followers perform their daily religious activities and pray in such unique manners inside the monumental halls of the mosque.

Agha Bozorg Mosque Address

In this article, we will help you find the renowned mosque of Kashan. Agha Bozorg Mosque Location isn’t very hard to find. In Isfahan Province, City of Kashan, you will see a street named Fazel Naraghi, from there, an alley that is Agha Bozorg leads to the grand Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan.

Agha Bozorg Mosque Opening Hours

When is Agha Bozorg Mosque open? The grand Agha Bozorg Mosque Kashan is open from 9:00 A.M. to 8:00 P.M. Take note that while you are inside the mosque, on Fridays, there will be Friday Prayers held in the Agha Bozorg Mosque, so be careful not to disturb the prayers when visiting this historic mosque. The entrance fee is also free of charge.

Finally

The grand Agha Bozorg Mosque of Kashan represents the magnificence of the Islamic and Iranian architecture that has been respected and adored by so many visitors.

A place full of rich history and culture that has endured catastrophes in the past and still stands as a treasured symbol of the Iranian heritage. Agha Bozorg Mosque is one of the best and most unique edifices in Kashan, with perfectly elaborate painted chambers, rooms, and walls made of precious stones and raw materials. Don’t forget to add this outstanding mosque to your travel bucket list.

Are you planning to travel to Iran and looking for an Iran resort? Consider Matin abad eco resort. Maybe the things to do in Kashan are also interesting for you.