As the world continues to seek sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for various challenges, ancient architectural marvels are gaining newfound attention for their ingenious use of natural resources. Among these, the windcatcher stands as a testament to human ingenuity in utilizing wind currents to provide ventilation, cooling, and comfort in arid regions. With a history that spans thousands of years, windcatchers showcase the harmonious relationship between architecture and the environment.

What is a Windcatcher?

A windcatcher, also referred to as a windtower, is a traditional architectural element known for its ingenious design to harness the wind for natural ventilation and cooling in buildings.

Originating in regions with hot and arid climates, such as the Middle East and parts of Asia, windcatchers have been utilized for centuries to alleviate the discomfort of high temperatures.

These structures typically consist of a tower-like form with openings positioned at the top, aligned to catch prevailing winds. As the wind enters the openings, it’s channeled downwards through internal passages or ducts within the tower, where the air cools due to reduced pressure and evaporation.

This cooled air is then released into the building’s interior, providing a natural and refreshing breeze that helps regulate indoor temperatures and improve air quality.

Wind Tower History

The history of wind towers, also known as windcatchers or wind chimneys, is a testament to human adaptability and ingenious architectural solutions. Originating in arid regions of the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia, wind towers have been a staple of traditional architecture for centuries.

The earliest iterations were simple openings strategically positioned to capture prevailing winds and funnel them into indoor spaces. These rudimentary designs evolved into intricate structures that harnessed the power of the wind to provide natural ventilation, cooling, and comfort to inhabitants.

Wind towers not only served practical purposes but also became cultural symbols and expressions of regional identity. In ancient Persian, Arab, and Indian architecture, wind towers were celebrated elements that fused form and function.

These architectural marvels showcased the delicate balance between human needs and the surrounding environment. Over time, as societies developed and technology advanced, wind towers persisted as enduring solutions, reflecting the wisdom of their creators and the profound understanding of local climates.

Today, as sustainable architecture gains prominence, the legacy of wind towers continues to inspire modern designers seeking innovative ways to harmonize human habitation with the natural world.

Windcatcher Architecture

Windcatchers, also known as “badgirs” or “wind towers,” are architectural marvels that have stood the test of time, offering ingenious solutions to the challenges of arid climates.

Their functionality revolves around two pivotal components: the outer structure and the inner mechanisms. The outer structure takes the form of a tower, typically placed in a corner of a building, with four to eight sides. Its top, known as the “asmane,” is enclosed with bricks or clay.

Inside this outer tower, the inner mechanisms come into play, utilizing slanted vanes to divide the space into two to eight sections, depending on the number of wind-catching openings.

The inner area comprises air ducts and passages for wind circulation. This interior section, referred to as the “daruni,” is nestled within the building itself, connecting the windcatcher to a summer hall, basement, or water reservoir.

While the goal of constructing and operating windcatchers remains consistent, slight variations in windcatcher design may arise in different regions due to climatic and weather differences.

In places with hotter climates or longer summers, ancient architects sought to optimize the efficiency of windcatchers by adapting their shapes and mechanisms.

This adaptability underscores the deep connection between architecture and the environment, showcasing how windcatchers evolved to suit diverse climatic conditions.

What is the Concept of the Windcatcher?

The concept of a windcatcher revolves around utilizing the wind’s natural flow to facilitate ventilation and cooling within buildings. Found predominantly in regions characterized by hot and arid climates, windcatchers are architectural features designed to work in harmony with nature.

They typically consist of a tower-like structure with openings at the top, oriented to catch prevailing winds. As the wind enters the tower, it creates a pressure differential between the inside and outside. This differential causes air to be drawn into the tower through the openings.

How Do Windcatchers Work?

Windcatchers, those elegant architectural marvels, owe their functionality to the principles of fluid dynamics and natural pressure differentials. The mechanics at play are both simple and ingenious.

At the core of their operation lies the movement of air driven by temperature differences and wind currents. When wind encounters the upper opening of a windcatcher tower, it accelerates and creates a lower pressure zone above the vents.

Simultaneously, the interior of the building maintains a relatively higher pressure. This pressure differential prompts air to flow from the outside into the tower and down through its internal channels, resulting in a cooling breeze.

The intricate design of windcatchers maximizes their effectiveness. Inside the tower, baffles, vanes, and vents are strategically positioned to guide and regulate the airflow.

The air’s journey through these components encourages cooling by allowing it to lose heat through convection and evaporative cooling. The result is a continuous circulation of fresh air that not only reduces indoor temperatures but also contributes to improved air quality.

Windcatchers’ reliance on the natural forces of wind and temperature differentiation makes them a sustainable solution that demands no external energy input, embodying the essence of passive cooling and eco-conscious design.

Iran Traditional Cooling System

Iran traditional Windcatchers can be categorized into three main types: Yazdi, Ardakani, and Kermani. Historically, only experienced local architects could determine the placement, number of vanes, and column height of these structures. Any misstep in these details could result in dust and warm air entering houses instead of the desired cooling effect.

Ardakani-style Windcatchers

These are one-sided windcatchers that are economically efficient and often constructed in areas with consistent winds from one direction. Shorter in design, these windcatchers are prevalent in cities like Meybod and Tabas.

They’re also found in coastal areas, where the cool sea breeze can enhance indoor air quality. The affordability of these one-sided windcatchers allows multiple installations within a single room.

Yazdi-style Windcatchers

These four-sided windcatchers, known for their greater height compared to other types, reflect the climatic conditions of the region. Architecturally intricate and visually appealing, Yazdi windcatchers were typically found in the homes of affluent individuals due to their more complex construction.

These windcatchers showcase the harmonious blend of aesthetics and functionality and were used to create cooler indoor spaces.

Kermani-style Windcatchers

These are two-sided windcatchers, also known as “twin windcatchers.” They are known for their better and more precise efficiency compared to the Ardakani model. Typically used in “ab anbar” (water reservoir) systems, these windcatchers are commonly built using clay and adobe.

They are allocated for medium-to-low height, multi-story buildings and provide high-pressure air intake from one direction while expelling heat and pollutants from the other.

Tallest Windcatcher in the World

The tallest windcatcher in the world is located in Yazd, Iran, and is known as the “Dowlat Abad Windcatcher.” This impressive architectural marvel stands as a testament to the ingenuity of ancient Iranian architects in utilizing passive cooling techniques to combat the region’s scorching desert climate.

The Dowlat Abad Windcatcher soars to a height of approximately 33 meters (108 feet), making it an iconic symbol of Iran’s rich architectural heritage.

It belongs to the four-sided windcatcher category, characterized by its intricate design and aesthetic appeal. The windcatcher’s lofty stature is a response to the climatic conditions of the Yazd region, where high temperatures necessitate effective cooling strategies.

Beyond its remarkable height, the Dowlat Abad Windcatcher also features a sophisticated ventilation system that draws in and circulates cool air throughout the building it serves.

Its complex internal design includes a series of ducts, passages, and vanes that optimize the airflow, creating a natural and refreshing indoor environment.

As both an architectural wonder and an environmentally conscious cooling solution, the Dowlat Abad Windcatcher continues to captivate visitors and inspire architects worldwide.

Final Word

In a world where sustainability is paramount, the Windcatcher’s timeless design provides an inspiring example of how humanity can work in tandem with nature to create sustainable, comfortable, and efficient living spaces.

By integrating ancient wisdom with cutting-edge technology, we have the potential to create buildings that are not only energy-efficient but also aesthetically captivating and culturally significant.

In doing so, we honor the legacy of windcatchers as more than architectural marvels; they become beacons of sustainable progress, reminding us that by working in harmony with nature, we can shape a more resilient and vibrant future.

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The Abbasi House complex, situated in the magnifying cultured city of Kashan, is teemed with elegance and rich Persian history. The unique Iranian architecture and the magnetizing natural scenery of this aesthetic Persian House of Kashan will surely entice your spirit. The Abbasi House is of great value to the country. Since it has an outstanding radiance, it has been used in Iranian cinematography numerous times, from movies to popular historical television shows. It is like no other house you have ever seen. So, stay with us to learn more about the architecture and history of the renowned Abbasian House of Kashan.

Abbasi House History

You might be interested in learning about the background of this historical artistic masterpiece of Kashan; hence in reality, the construction of the Abbasi House began in 1866 and took twenty years to finalize.

The historic house museum belonged to and was built by the order of an affluent glass merchant “Haj Muhammed Ibrahim” who was a noticeable businessman during the 18th century in the city of Kashan.

Although the identity of the architect is still unknown, he and the owner of the Abbasi house had collaborated to fabricate this picturesque structure that today it is yet regarded as a glowing gem in Kashan.

An interesting fact about the origin of the name of the Abbasi House of Kashan is that when the first owner of the house passed away, the man inheriting the complex decided to divide the place into five separate sections and sell each of these sections to different people.

Around a century ago, a man named Abbasian purchased the courtyard on the exterior side of the house and paid a fortune for it. In return, this led to a viral topic among the citizens of Kashan. With his surname spreading in the daily conversations of the people, they decided to name the house complex the Abbasian House.

Abbasi House Architecture

Why should you visit the captivating Abbasi house in Kashan City? As mentioned above, this magnificent location is like nothing you have ever seen. It was brought to existence by the hands of the brilliant mind of an Iranian architect.

The entire complex is a three-story building with an area of five thousand square meters on the second and third floors and seven thousand square meters on the ground floor.

The entire structure of the house is in a sunken courtyard design. In this type of architecture, the monument is built on a lower level than the streets around it, which is why it is referred to as a sunken garden or courtyard.

Symmetry and preciseness have been highly acknowledged during the construction of the Persian house to the point that if you imagine a line in the center of each section of the house, they will be completely identical in shape and size.

The splendid interior segment of the house is comprised of introverted architecture (found in Persian architecture). That is when a building is shaped in a way where it is concealed from the outside, which maintains the privacy of the house.

Typically, introverted houses have an internal courtyard, with the houses surrounding the large pool in the center of the courtyard. Therefore, houses with such architecture are known as “courtyard houses.”

The Islamic Architecture of the Abbasian House was made in a distinctive way called “The Hijab Architecture,” which was very common during the Qajar dynasty.

The numerous and intricate rooms, the division of accommodation for both men and women and the wall covering the interior section of the house from the neighbors are some of the examples of this framework.

Using two different door knockers with unlike sounds (one for women and one for men) was very dominant in Persian constructions. This was used to allow the housekeeps to know about the gender of their guest.

One of the most intriguing Abbasi House features is that the house bears rooms made specifically for various climates. There are rooms suitable for both winter and summer. Thus, during these seasons, the families would have used rooms made for that particular weather condition.

Abbasi House Embellishments and Ornamentations

The Abbasian House of Kashan is extremely rich with its brilliant decorations and design. Some of these ornamentations are:

Kar Bandi

In this embellishment, narrow diagonal arches intersect with one another to form a complex geometrical form. Kar Bandi is commonly found in Persian dome architectures, which are later decorated with seven-color tile, mosaic tile, brick, etc.

Rasmi Bandi

Rasmi Bandi is an evolved method of Kar Bandi where the geometric shape with the emerging lines will look like a pouring fountain. So, as a result, the final shape of the roof or underside of the dome will be an octagon.

Muqarnas

A form of self-supporting arched formation also known as “honeycomb vaulting”. Muqarnas are carved into the roof for decoration purposes and are purely fractal-like and incredibly sophisticated.

Areas of the Abbasi House

Here are the areas of the Abbasi House:

The entrance or Hashti

The simple façade of the entrance might fool you! However, once you step inside, the interior part of the house will surely stun you, and make you wonder about this hidden side of the historical Persian House.

At the beginning of your journey to the Abbasi House, you will come upon a waiting spot, which is in reality a vestibule (small room leading into a larger space) called “Hashti” in Persian.

Once you enter, you will notice the ground beginning to descend since the house is built in a sunken courtyard form. Later you will approach a “Dalan” a corridor that is built in a form of a tunnel leading to the internal part of the house.

One of the reasons the house had a vestibule and a corridor was for the visitors who did not intend to enter the house and had a short conversation instead. This, in fact, maintained the privacy of the women residing in the house.

The Vestibule or Hashti with three individual doors leads to the courtyard, the first floor, and the exterior part of the house. It is worth knowing that the house has two different kinds of quarters, one for the housekeeper and another made for the settling of guests.

The Bahareh Terrace

The Bahareh terrace was used during the seasons with mild temperatures throughout the year. As we previously stated about the symmetrical architecture of the Abbasi House, the terrace is perfectly parallel. On the left side of the terrace are the quarters of the house, and on the right side is the neighbor’s domain.

The Mirror Room

The alcove, or “Shah Neshin” in Persian, which is the most luxurious part of the Abbasi House, has walls covered with stucco, Āina-kāri (the interior part of the house is decorated with finely cut mirrors in a geometric form), and colorful doors and windows.

On the ceiling of this room, you will see the Āina-kāri is done in the shape of the moon and stars, as well as the sun in the center. Moreover, the room’s illumination is mostly fulfilled through the reflection of the mirrors.

Abbasi House Restaurant

Today, parts of the Abbasi House have been converted into a traditional restaurant, a teahouse, and a small gift shop.

Not only can you sightsee the precious monument with the striking Islamic architecture pertaining to centuries back but also have the chance to taste the unique Iranian cuisine or relax with a cup of hot tea while watching the enchanting courtyard of the house and listening to the birdsongs.

Other services are available in the Abbasi House complex, such as a coffee shop, an ice cream and fruit juice shop, a carpet shop, and washrooms.

Abbasi House Address

The simplest way to get through the Abbasi House of Kashan is to find Alavi Road, and from there, you can take the bus or a taxi, which will take you to the prominent Abbasi House.

Abbasi House Visiting Hours and Entrance Fee

The Abbasian House of Kashan is open seven days a week from 9 A.M. up to 4:30 P.M. Note that, during the Nowruz holidays (The new year holidays, which is in March), the house complex is open till 8:00 P.M. For visitors with foreign citizenship, the Entrance fee is Near 1.2$.

Finally

By glimpsing at the Abbasi House photos, you will be confident that this historical house complex is truly a one of kind. The precise architecture of the Abbasian House of Kashan and its enchanting demeanor will reinvigorate your sensations. It offers you a place to experience the flavorful Persian dishes, purchase cherished souvenirs, and encounter the arresting luxury of the Abbasi House.

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In the vast expanse of the Iranian plateau lies a realm of mystique and wonder called the deserts of Iran. Stretching across the landscape, these arid terrains hold a timeless allure, captivating travelers with their raw beauty and surreal landscapes. Beyond the shimmering mirages and undulating sand ridges, Iran’s deserts hold a rich tapestry of history, culture, and natural marvels waiting to be discovered.

Join Matinabad Eco Resort on a captivating expedition as we unveil the enigmatic wonders of the Iran deserts, delving into the past and present of these stunning landscapes and exploring the delicate balance between man and nature in this hauntingly beautiful corner of the world.

List of Deserts of Iran

From the fiery dunes of the Dasht-e Lut to the salt plains of Dasht-e Kavir, these deserts have long been a source of inspiration for poets, artists, and adventurers, beckoning them to embark on a journey into the heart of the arid wilderness.

Here is the Iran Deserts List:

Varzaneh Desert

One of the most famous deserts always seen among the Iran deserts name is the Varzaneh desert. Varzaneh Desert is a captivating desert located in Varzaneh, a town in the Isfahan Province of Iran.

The desert is famous for its majestic and pristine sand dunes that stretch as far as the eye can see. These beautiful dunes, often reaching heights of up to 100 meters, create an otherworldly and mesmerizing atmosphere, especially during sunrise and sunset when the shifting colors paint the landscape in a magical glow.

Travelers who venture to the Varzaneh Desert can indulge in a variety of activities, including camel riding, sandboarding, and dune bashing.

The desert’s remote location and relatively untouched nature provide an authentic desert experience, far from the crowds often found in more popular tourist destinations.

Maranjab Desert

The Maranjab Desert, located in the heart of Iran near the ancient city of Kashan, is a captivating and diverse desert that offers a unique and unforgettable experience for travelers.

No doubt, the Maranjab desert is one of the most popular desert destinations in Iran. The sand dunes of the Maranjab Desert are a mesmerizing sight, with their soft, undulating curves shaped by the wind.

Travelers often find themselves awe-inspired by the ever-changing patterns and textures of the dunes, especially during sunrise and sunset when the golden rays cast a warm glow over the landscape.

The desert is also home to a beautiful salt lake known as Maranjab Salt Lake. The lake’s shallow waters create a mirror-like surface that beautifully reflects the sky, making it a favorite spot for photographers and nature enthusiasts.

One of the highlights of visiting the Maranjab Desert is the opportunity to explore the historic caravanserais that once served as vital rest stops along the ancient Silk Road.

The Maranjab Caravanserai, dating back to the 17th century, stands as a testament to the region’s historical significance as a bustling trade route.

Additionally, the Maranjab Desert is an excellent place for stargazing due to its remote location and minimal light pollution. As night falls, the desert sky comes alive with countless stars, providing a magical and tranquil experience that is sure to leave a lasting impression on visitors.

Mesr Desert Isfahan

Mesr Desert is a stunning desert located in the Isfahan Province of Iran. Mesr Desert is characterized by its picturesque sand dunes, which are among the most beautiful and photogenic in Iran.

The soft, golden dunes rise and fall gracefully, creating a mesmerizing landscape that is perfect for wandering and exploring.

The desert’s remote location and relatively untouched nature provide a sense of solitude and peace, making it an ideal destination for those seeking to escape the hustle and bustle of city life.

Travelers visiting the Mesr Desert can partake in a range of activities to fully immerse themselves in the desert’s beauty.

Camel riding is a popular choice, allowing visitors to traverse the dunes and witness breathtaking vistas from atop these gentle creatures.

Sandboarding, an exhilarating sport, offers the thrill of gliding down the sandy slopes, creating unforgettable memories for adventure seekers.

Mesr Desert also offers an exceptional opportunity for stargazing, far from the bright lights of urban areas. As night falls, the vast expanse of the desert sky reveals a dazzling array of stars, offering a celestial show that leaves observers in awe of the cosmos.

Bafgh Desert

Bafgh Desert is a vast and captivating desert located in central Iran. Situated in the eastern part of Yazd Province, the Bafgh Desert is part of the larger Dasht-e Kavir region, one of Iran’s major desert expanses.

The desert’s landscape is characterized by a combination of sand dunes, salt flats, and barren plains, creating an enchanting and diverse scenery. The mesmerizing sand dunes, sculpted by the wind, showcase the ever-changing patterns and textures that are a hallmark of many deserts in Iran.

Bafgh Desert’s remote location and relatively untouched nature offer travelers a genuine and tranquil desert experience, far from the bustle of urban life.

Visitors can immerse themselves in the serenity of the desert, savoring the silence broken only by the soft whispers of the wind.

As with many deserts in Iran, the Bafgh Desert presents excellent stargazing opportunities, providing unobstructed views of the night sky with minimal light pollution.

The clear, expansive horizon reveals a breathtaking canopy of stars, making it a magical experience for astronomy enthusiasts and stargazers alike.

Bafgh Desert is also known for its significant historical and cultural heritage. The region has a rich history dating back to ancient times, and visitors can find traces of ancient civilizations and archaeological sites scattered across the desert.

The area was once part of the ancient Silk Road, and historical caravanserais and trading routes offer glimpses into the past.

Rig-e Zarin Desert

The Rig-e Zarin Desert, also known as the “Dasht-e Rig,” is a desert located in the eastern part of Iran. It is part of the larger Lut Desert, which is one of the hottest and driest places in the world.

The Rig-e Zarin Desert covers an area of approximately 27,000 square kilometers and is characterized by vast stretches of sand dunes. The dunes can reach heights of up to 150 meters and are constantly changing shape due to wind erosion.

The desert is mainly composed of sand and gravel, with some salt flats and salt marshes scattered throughout. The salt flats, known as “kavirs,” are created when water from underground springs evaporates, leaving behind salt deposits.

The vegetation in the Rig-e Zarin Desert is sparse, consisting mainly of drought-tolerant plants such as shrubs and grasses. Animal life is also limited, with species such as gazelles, foxes, and snakes being common.

Due to its remote location and harsh conditions, the Rig-e Zarin Desert is sparsely populated, with only a few nomadic tribes living in the area. However, it has attracted some tourists who are interested in exploring its unique landscape and experiencing the tranquility of the desert.

The Rig-e Zarin Desert is known for its extreme temperatures, with summer temperatures often exceeding 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit). This, combined with the arid climate and lack of water sources, makes it a challenging environment for any living creature.

Rig-e Jenn (The Desert of Jinn)

Rig-e Jenn, or the Desert of Jinn, derives its name from the Persian folklore of supernatural creatures. This hauntingly beautiful desert is a vast expanse of sand and salt plains in the southeast of Iran.

The landscape is adorned with enchanting yardangs, which are actually wind-eroded rock formations that resemble works of art sculpted by nature’s hand. The silence of the desert, broken only by the occasional howl of the wind, adds to the mystical allure of this remote and enigmatic destination.

Shahdad Desert

Shahdad Desert is a stunning desert located in the Kerman Province of Iran. It is part of the larger Dasht-e Lut region, known for its extreme temperatures and mesmerizing geological formations.

One of the most captivating features of the Shahdad Desert is its unique landscape of Kaluts, which are stunning wind-eroded sand formations that resemble towering castles, intricate sculptures, and massive sand pillars.

The Kaluts in the Shahdad Desert are particularly renowned for their grandeur and otherworldly appearance, making them a popular destination for photographers and adventure seekers.

Visitors to the Shahdad Desert can explore the vast sand dunes and immerse themselves in the tranquility of the arid landscape.

The ever-changing patterns of the sand and the surreal beauty of the desert provide a sense of serenity and wonder. Despite its harsh conditions, the Shahdad Desert is not devoid of life.

It is home to hardy desert plants, unique wildlife, and various species of reptiles and insects that have adapted to the extreme environment.

How Many Deserts are in Iran?

More than half of Iran is made of dry and semi-arid deserts with an area of 130 thousand square kilometers. These areas are divided into two famous deserts of Iran, Dasht-e Kavir (The Great Salt Desert) in the central part of the country, and Dasht-e Lut (Lut Desert), located in the southeast.

These deserts boast stunning landscapes, including salt flats, sand dunes, and surreal rock formations, attracting travelers from around the world to experience their raw beauty and unique natural wonders.

Some of the other most famous deserts in Iran are the Lut Desert, Rig-e Jenn Desert, Abuzeydabad Desert, Maranjab Desert, Bafgh Desert, Boshrooyeh Desert, and Tabas Desert.

What is the Main Desert in Iran?

The main desert in Iran is the Dasht-e Kavir, also known as the Great Salt Desert. It is the larger of the two major deserts in Iran and covers a vast area in the central part of the country.

Dasht-e Kavir is renowned for its arid salt marshes, salt flats, and sand dunes, creating a mesmerizing and surreal landscape that captivates travelers and researchers alike.

What is the Largest Iranian Desert?

The biggest desert in Iran is the Dasht-e Kavir. It is a vast desert located in the central part of Iran and covers an area of approximately 77,000 square kilometers (30,000 square miles).

The greatness of this desert can be clearly seen in Iran’s desert map. Dasht-e Kavir is one of the largest deserts in the world and is known for its arid salt marshes, salt flats, and sand dunes.

The desert’s unique landscape and extreme conditions make it an intriguing destination for adventurous travelers and researchers seeking to explore the raw beauty and geological wonders of the Iranian deserts.

What is the Hottest Desert in Iran?

The hottest desert in Iran is the Dasht-e Lut, also known as the Lut Desert. It is located in the southeast of the country and is recognized as one of the hottest places on Earth.

The Lut Desert has recorded some of the highest surface temperatures ever recorded, with temperatures soaring as high as 70.7 degrees Celsius (159.3 degrees Fahrenheit).

This extreme heat is due to the desert’s low elevation, dry climate, and lack of vegetation, making it a challenging and inhospitable environment for life.

Despite its harsh conditions, the Lut Desert’s surreal and mesmerizing landscape, including the stunning Kaluts formations, continues to draw adventurous travelers and scientists intrigued by its extraordinary geological features.

In 2016, UNESCO inscribed a section of the Lut Desert as a World Heritage Site to preserve and showcase its unique natural wonders.

Final Word

A journey into the deserts of Iran is a pilgrimage to the soul of a nation, an exploration of its ancient history, and an encounter with its enduring spirit. From the ethereal landscapes of the Great Salt Desert to the majestic Kaluts of Dasht-e Lut, each desert offers its own mesmerizing tale to those willing to venture into the heart of the arid landscapes. The Iran deserts are a testament to the eternal dance between man and nature, an eternal saga of survival, ingenuity, and beauty that continues to captivate the hearts and minds of travelers who seek to uncover the mysteries of this magical land.

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With the collaboration of skilled and educated architect masters, Iran’s architecture is still a delicate work of art respected by many aesthetes. The Jameh Mosque of Kashan settled in the cultured city of Kashan, is regarded as the embodiment of such intricate architecture in the Iranian tradition.

This archeological monument stood as a symbol of the faithfulness of the Muslims to their religion. Today, not only it is used for prayers, but also it is an exquisite destination for travelers to step into Kashan’s historical world.

Jameh Mosque of Kashan History

Isfahan province is truly a treasure of Iran’s history and civilization. The Jameh Mosque of Kashan, one of the national archeological sites in Kashan City, has been a tourist attraction for years.

Every year, a large number of people come to see this elegant mosque. If you are a fan of archeology and structures belonging to the past, the Jameh Mosque is the perfect place for you.

The name of the mosque, “Jameh,” refers to the Persian word for “Friday,” which is “Jom-e,” which indicates Friday prayer and the congregation of the Muslims.

The Jameh Mosque of Kashan in Iran was first erected during the Seljuk Dynasty (10th Century). It is believed that the mosque was originally built before the establishment of Islam in Iran, and in the following years, when the number of Muslims grew in Persia, it served as a place for the devotees to perform their prayers.

The Jameh Mosque is one of the oldest monuments standing in Kashan today. Based on the assertion of the locals, the Jameh Mosque was constructed by “Safiye Khatoon,” daughter of Malik al-Ashtar (one of the loyal companions of Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad).

The Earthquake in 1813 caused egregious damage to the Jameh Mosque. Fortunately, during the reign of “Karim Khan Zand,” who was once the Ruler of Iran, the Jameh Mosque of Kashan was rehabilitated.

Jameh Mosque of Kashan Facts

On the inscriptions installed on the walls of the mosque are the names of the two calligraphers who participated in the rehabilitation.

They are “Abdul-Karim” and “Ibn Muhammed Hossein Muhammed Kazem Isfahani”. The molding of the engravings on the Shabestan sanctuary inside the Jameh Mosque, written in “Nastaliq” style, was made by “Muhammed Bagher Isfahani,” who was a renowned calligrapher.

When excavating the sanctuary in the mosque, some archeologists discovered several jewels and ornaments and alleged that they belonged to the Buyid dynasty from 934 to 1062.

At first, the mosque belonged to Zoroastrianism, and by the time ancient Persian turned to Islam, the purpose of the Jameh Mosque was altered.

The Jameh Mosque is famed for the two sanctuaries, which had two different kiblah pointing in other directions. Thus, one of the sanctuaries was deconstructed, and another was erected near the second sanctuary with the correct direction of the kiblah.

Experts believe that the reason for the kiblah pointing in another direction was actually directed at Masjid Al-Ghasi, which was the former kiblah of the Muslims.

Jameh Mosque of Kashan Architecture

As mentioned above, Persian architecture is phenomenal in many ways. The remarkable halls, minarets, inscriptions, sanctuaries, the underground spaces for the gathering of the followers of Islam are simply valuable artworks made by the great masterminds.

The main structural form of the Jameh Mosque of Kashan is together made up of four walls of arched roofs in the shape of a cube with a large dome built on the center of the walls called “Chahar Tagh” in Persian. That is the basic shape of a building with a dome but on a very large scale.

Most of Chahar Tagh buildings, most commonly mosques, were built for sheltering a fire temple that was considered Holy for the Zoroastrians.

The Shabestan

The Jameh mosque has a large dome made of clay and bricks. Under the dome, you will see outstanding carvings made with peculiar geometry common to Iranian architecture, which is called “Gonbad-khane,” and elevated terraces.

The hall under the dome is used for prayers. These are known as Shabestan (an underground space). Shabestan is of two types. Summer shabestan is a hall with an open space and can be ventilated.

The Winter Shabestan, on the other hand, has a closed space to keep the group of men and women warm from the freezing weather. The Jameh Mosque holds two major shabestan and one minor.

The summer shabestan is located under the winter shabestan. These underground halls have incredible carvings made on the walls that will stun you.

In the past, under the shabestan, archeologists found several relics and furnaces that were used to make utensils, chinaware, and ornaments.

The grand terrace on the west side of the mosque is approximately 13.8 meters high, and in the part level with the rooftop, it is at least 11.2 meters high.

The minarets

The minaret of Jameh mosque of Kashan found on the southeast side of the mosque, is made of clay and is one the oldest monuments in the Isfahan Province.

The minaret was fabricated with two separate crusts or skins. On the top of the minaret is a hollow space made for the men to climb up, and a speaker is placed for reciting the Quran or the Adhan loudly (calling the followers to pray).

Below each minaret is an inscription bearing the verses of the holy book of the Muslims. If you have seen the Jameh Mosque of Kashan photos, you would know about these tall monuments having notable decorations of Islamic art.

The Exterior part of the Mosque

On the foremost inscription of the mosque is written the name of Malik-Shah, a sultan during the Seljuk dynasty, and his right-hand man, as well as the name of Nizam al-Mulk, the former Vizier of the Seljuk Empire.

Outside the Jameh Mosque is a vast courtyard or ‘Sahn,” with a large shallow pool in the center of the courtyard.

Read more: Jameh Mosque of Natanz

Opening Hours of The Jameh Mosque

You can visit this active archeological site from 8:00 in the morning till 20:00 at night.

The Jameh Mosque of Kashan Address

Because the mosque is situated in Kashan City’s central and historical site, you can effortlessly access the place with your car. Once you have reached the Kamal Al-Mulk Square, you will come upon the Baba Afzal Road leading to the Jameh Mosque of Kashan.

Finally

The Jameh Mosque of Kashan in Iran has always been regarded as a remarkable historical site for the Iranian national heritage.

Walking around the courtyard of the mosque and sightseeing the age-old minarets, terraces, and halls made of precious stones and bricks with unusual geometric shapes will fill you with awe.

Are you planning to travel to Iran and looking for an Iran resort? Consider Matin abad eco resort. Maybe the things to do in Kashan are also interesting for you.

Nestled in the heart of Kashan, Borujerdi House (also known as Borujerdiha House) stands as a captivating testament to the exquisite artistry and architectural brilliance of 19th-century Persia. This Persian house is hailed as one of the finest examples of traditional Persian homes, showcasing the wealth and finesse that characterized the lives of wealthy merchants during the Qajar era. This article delves into the history, architectural wonders, and cultural significance of Borujerdi House, inviting readers to embark on a journey through the splendors of Persian artistry and the enduring allure of a bygone era.

History of Borujerdi House

Borujerdi House has a captivating history that dates back to the 19th century during the Qajar era in Iran. The house was commissioned by a wealthy merchant named Haj Seyed Hassan Natanzi, who hailed from the city of Borujerd in the Lorestan province of Iran.

In 1857, Haj Seyed Hassan Natanzi sought to construct a lavish residence for his bride, who belonged to the affluent Borujerdi family.

The union of these two prominent families was marked by the desire to create a residence that would not only be a symbol of their love but also a showcase of their social status and prosperity.

To bring his vision to life, Haj Seyed Hassan Natanzi engaged the expertise of the renowned architect Ustad Ali Maryam. Ustad Ali Maryam was a highly skilled craftsman who excelled in traditional Persian architectural styles and was known for his innovative designs.

Under his guidance, construction of the house began in 1857 and spanned nearly two decades, culminating in its completion in 1874.

Throughout the years, Borujerdi House faced various challenges, including periods of neglect and deterioration. However, recognition of its historical and cultural significance led to efforts to preserve and restore this architectural gem.

In 2015, Borujerdi House, along with other historic houses in Kashan, was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, solidifying its place as a symbol of Iran’s rich heritage and architectural legacy.

Why is the House Known as Borujerdi House?

Borujerdi House is known as such because it was commissioned and built by a wealthy merchant named Haj Seyed Hassan Natanzi from the city of Borujerd, also spelled Borujerdi.

Haj Seyed Hassan Natanzi was a prominent figure in Kashan and a member of the Natanzi family, who were influential merchants during the Qajar era.

The name “Borujerdi House” is derived from the family name “Natanzi,” indicating its association with the Natanzi family from Borujerd.

Over time, the name evolved to “Borujerdiha House,” which is the local dialectal form and is often used interchangeably with “Borujerdi House.”

As Haj Seyed Hassan Natanzi was the patron and owner of this grand residence, his family’s name became inseparably linked to the house, resulting in its widely recognized name as “Borujerdi House.” A symbol of the Natanzi family’s prosperity and love of art and culture during the Qajar period, this masterpiece quickly became a symbol of pride for the city and a lasting legacy for Kashan.

Borujerdi House Architecture

Borujerdi House is a true marvel of architectural genius, boasting a fusion of various elements that reflect the rich cultural heritage of Iran.

The exterior facade, with its intricate stucco work and mesmerizing stained glass windows, captures the eyes of visitors and sets the tone for the lavish interiors that lie within.

The facade also features stunning symmetrical patterns and delicate carvings, showcasing the attention to detail that went into every aspect of the building’s design.

One of the most captivating features of Borujerdi House is the central courtyard, a hallmark of traditional Persian architecture.

The courtyard is adorned with a tranquil garden, elegant fountains, and beautiful fruit trees, creating a peaceful sanctuary within the bustling city.

Surrounding the courtyard are arched walkways and intricately decorated rooms, each showcasing a unique blend of colors, patterns, and handcrafted embellishments.

The ceilings, walls, and even doors feature magnificent mirror work and exquisite paintings, transforming the house into a living art gallery.

What is the Architectural Style of Borujerdi House?

The architectural style of Borujerdi House is a magnificent example of traditional Persian architecture, with influences from the Qajar period.

This style is characterized by a harmonious blend of various elements, reflecting the rich cultural heritage and artistic traditions of Iran.

One of the prominent features of the architectural style is the use of wind towers, also known as “badgirs,” which are placed atop the building to capture breezes and direct cool air into the living spaces.

This innovative design provides natural climate control and ensures a comfortable environment, making the house a cool retreat during the scorching summers of Kashan.

Moreover, Borujerdi House showcases the rich use of vibrant colors, intricate mirror work, and exquisite paintings throughout its interiors, exemplifying the fine craftsmanship and artistic talents of Persian artisans.

Borujerdi House Reviews

Borujerdi House collects plenty of glowing reviews, enchanting visitors from around the world with its timeless beauty and architectural brilliance.

Many reviewers are captivated by the exquisite facade adorned with intricate stucco work and mesmerizing stained glass windows that showcase the grandeur of traditional Persian architecture.

The central courtyard, a serene oasis with lush gardens and elegant fountains, receives much praise for its tranquil ambiance, providing a welcome respite from the bustling city of Kashan.

Visitors often commend the preservation efforts that have allowed Borujerdi House to stand as a splendid example of Iran’s cultural heritage.

The inclusion of wind towers for natural climate control and the clever use of earthen walls further impresses guests, illustrating the ingenious architectural features incorporated to maintain a comfortable environment in Kashan’s extreme temperatures.

Reviews of Borujerdi House often praise its historical significance and recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage site, which solidifies its position as a treasure trove of Persian architectural elegance and a must-visit destination for those seeking to immerse themselves in the prosperity and grandeur of 19th-century Iran.

The Best Time to Visit Borujerdi House Kashan

The best time to visit Borujerdi House is during the spring and fall months, typically between March and May and September to November, respectively.

During the spring season, the weather in Kashan is mild and pleasant, making it an ideal time to explore Borujerdi House and the surrounding attractions.

The gardens within the house’s central courtyard will be in full bloom, creating a picturesque and colorful setting. The Borujerdi House photos also show this beauty.

The temperatures are comfortable, allowing visitors to enjoy leisurely walks through the house and its gardens without the scorching heat of the summer months.

The fall season is another excellent time to visit Borujerdi House. The weather remains pleasant, with temperatures gradually cooling down after the summer.

The gardens may still have some vibrant foliage, making the courtyard a charming and inviting space to wander. The crowds are generally smaller during the fall compared to the peak tourist season in the summer, allowing for a more peaceful and immersive experience.

When is Borujerdi House open?

• Sun – Sat 9:00 AM – 12:30 PM
• Sun – Sat 3:00 PM – 6:00 PM

Location of Borujerdi House Iran

Borujerdi House is located in the city of Kashan, in the Isfahan province of central Iran. Kashan is a historic city with a rich cultural heritage and is renowned for its beautiful architecture, including traditional Persian houses and gardens.

Borujerdi House is situated in the heart of Kashan, within the older part of the city. It is easily accessible and well-known among tourists and travelers exploring the historical and cultural treasures of Iran.

Final Word

Borujerdi House is more than just a physical structure; it is a cultural treasure that embodies the creativity, opulence, and ingenuity of 19th-century Iran. As it gracefully weathers the passage of time, this architectural gem remains a living legacy, inspiring generations with its rich history and captivating charm.

Preserved as a UNESCO World Heritage site, Borujerdi House invites us to appreciate the profound artistic and cultural contributions of our ancestors while urging us to protect and cherish these architectural marvels for the generations yet to come.

Are you planning to travel to Iran and looking for an Iran resort? Consider Matin abad eco resort. Maybe the things to do in Kashan are also interesting for you.