One of the largest and most eye-catching cities in Iran is the beautiful city of Mahan in Kerman, situated in the southeast of Iran. Inside the heart of Kerman city is an old lush garden brimming with tall bushy trees belonging to hundreds of years back in history. The magnificent Shazdeh Garden of Kerman is a popular tourist attraction visited by thousands annually and is recognized as the mother of all gardens in both Iran and the world. Here, we will provide you with full information about the elegant Shazdeh Mahan Garden of Kerman.

About Shazdeh Garden Mahan

Shazdeh Garden is a fertile garden set up in a desert in Mahan city in the Kerman Province and is considered as one of the nine Iranian and world-famous gardens. In 2013, Shazdeh Garden was registered as the mother of Iranian gardens. In addition, this grand garden was marked on the World Heritage List of UNESCO.

With the city’s pleasant climate, the trees have grown massively with the full care of the local gardeners. Shazdeh Garden is represented as a green gem of Iran, and with the garden erected in the middle of a desert, it makes it stand out and shine brightly like an emerald from afar.

The title of the garden, Shazdeh, translates to Prince in Persian, which is derived from Prince Abdul Hamid Mizra Naser al-Doulah Farmanfarmayan name, who was the grandson of Naser al-Din Shah, who completed the construction of the large garden in Kerman.

Once you walk inside the Shazdeh Garden, you will forget about the outside of this garden, which is a large arid desert of Kerman. The towering trees and ponds full of fresh water with roaring fountains whose streams stretch to the end of the garden will leave you in awe. It is as though you are stepping inside another world with a whole new atmosphere.

Shazdeh Garden History

This historical and green garden is a memory from the Qajar Dynasty, and Mohammad Hasan Khan, Sardar of Irwani, and the ruler of Kerman, ordered its construction. The garden was in the middle of the Bam-Kerman Road, which was a part of the Silk Road of Iran in the past, and this contributed to the prosperity of this city in the old days at the time. Then, the next ruler, Abdul Hamid Mizra Nasir al-Douleh, completed the construction. Between 1919 and 1930, buildings were constructed inside the garden, which then finalized the entire complex.

Shazdeh Garden Iran Architecture

Shahzad Garden Mahan is one of the full-fledged Iranian gardens, as well as being one of the best sloping gardens in the world. The most outstanding characteristic of such sloping gardens is the unique and spectacular display of water flowing downwards in the form of stairs on horizontal and vertical platforms.

The size of this rectangular garden is about 5.5 hectares, which is 407 meters long and 122 meters wide. The garden includes the entrance gate, bathrooms, a mansion, a water supply network, and ponds, which are surrounded by a high fence of trees.

When you first enter the Shazdeh Garden, you will come upon a beautiful two-story entrance that allows you to see the interior and green space of the garden. On the upper floor of the main entrance, some rooms were used for residential purposes, together with a guest room on the upper floor of the main hall. Several sub-entrances are also built along the length of the garden for easier access to the interior part of the garden. After passing through this area, you will then enter the interior of the Shazdeh Garden.

The garden’s stepped surface embraces waterfalls, fountains, and two pools of water surrounded by tall trees on two sides of the garden. The water stream that flows in this place enters from the top of the garden.

At the end of the garden, there is a mansion with an attic, which is 235 meters away from the main entrance. This mansion has an area of ​​487 square meters and was a place for the residence of the owner of the garden and welcoming guests and outsiders.

The mansion is currently a restaurant for visitors. Behind this mansion was a small garden with fruit trees, which was a private garden for the residents.

Some visitors who sightsee the garden may ask why do some areas with ornamentations seem incomplete. This is due to the death of Prince Abdul Hamid Mizra Naser, which caused the workers to leave some areas undone and abandon the project. One of these incomplete parts is the empty space between the tiles that still protrudes from the entrance door.

Shazdeh Garden Water Source

How does Shazdeh Garden get water? The greenness and irrigation of this garden in the middle of the desert may look impossible, but the lush Shazdeh Garden Kerman is actually by the waters of an aqueduct and the river that is supplied by the nearby Chopar Mountains.

Due to the unique architecture of the garden, the water descends through the gutters, creating a pleasant stream flowing near the tall trees to the very end of the garden. The water stream continues its path and pours into a nearby village.

Best Time to Visit Shazdeh Garden Mahan

Due to Iran’s four seasonal climates, the Shazdeh Garden Mahan can be visited throughout the year since each season bears its own grandeur. In spring and summer, the garden is very abundant and green with a fresh blue sky and warm weather. During autumn, the leaves of the trees turn yellow and orange, which changes the aura of the garden into an enchanted forest.

At last, during winter or the cold season, the tall trees and the surface of the garden will be covered in white snow, which will be a new experience even for visitors who have visited the garden in a different season. Taking pictures in all four seasons has its own charm, and you can add these shots to your Shazdeh Garden photo album.

Shazdeh Garden Reviews

Every year, hundreds of people, or even thousands, visit this wonderful garden of Iran. Some of the visitors have written such positive and impressive reviews. They include their thoughts on encountering the magnificence of Persian architecture as well as the remarkable ornamentations on the walls and ceilings of the monument. Not to forget the praise for the Persian cuisine in the Shazdeh Garden Restaurant.

Shazdeh Garden in Iran Mall

Inside the largest Shopping Center in Iran and the world is the smaller Replica of Shazdeh Garden. Iran Mall is not only for shopping but also a place for revisiting the national gems of Iran, such as the splendid Shazdeh Garden of Kerman Province. The Mahan Garden in Iran Mall holds towering trees similar to the original garden with a sloping architecture where the water pours down the stairs by the two sides of the rows of trees.

The roof is made of large glass, which provides enough sunlight for the plants to grow. A small coffee shop is also located by the end of the garden, where visitors can sit by the water stream and enjoy the scenic view of the Shazdeh Mahan garden.

Shazdeh Garden Entrance Fee

Visiting hours: 9 A.M. to 8 P.M

Entrance Fee for Foreigners: 150,000 Iranian Rials

Final Words

Being one of the largest and most popular gardens in Iran, the Shazdeh Garden of Mahan City in Kerman is a must-go for travelers who cherish sightseeing historical monuments as well as tasting the Persian dishes, and, most importantly, strolling around this magnificent garden that shines like a gem amidst the desert dunes of Kerman.

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The desert is an incredible and captivating location with many wonders that capture the imagination. There are many wonders and amazements found in the desert, and each one is unique. The mirage is among the most fascinating desert phenomena.

When light is bent or refracted as it travels through layers of air with varying temperatures, there might be water, an item, or even a complete landscape when none exists. This phenomenon is known as a mirage. In this article, we will know what is a mirage and why it happens. 

What is a Mirage?

An optical illusion known as a mirage is created when light is bent or refracted as it travels across layers of heated air. Because of this bending of light, seemingly nonexistent objects, landscapes, or bodies of water can be seen. Though they can happen in other settings as well, mirages are most frequently seen in deserts or other hot, dry places.

The most common kind of mirage is called a “water mirage,” where a shimmering pool of water appears on the horizon, giving the impression that there is water nearby. Intriguing as well as misleading, mirages can fool tourists into believing they are viewing far-off objects or bodies of water because they can seem so authentic.

Our knowledge of light behavior and the intricate interactions between atmospheric conditions has improved as a result of research on mirages.

Mirage in the Desert Meaning

The phrase “mirage in the desert” refers to the phenomena of mirages that occur in arid and desert areas. The sight of a mirage can generate feelings of hope and relief since the illusion of water offers the potential for nutrition and relief from the arid surroundings.

A mirage is frequently used in literature as a metaphor to communicate deeper ideas and topics. It reflects an illusory or deceptive impression, a mistaken belief or hope, or the elusive quality of desire. It represents the idea that things are not always as they appear and that our perceptions might be twisted or misdirected.

In literature, a mirage can be used to explore topics such as following unreachable aspirations, the futility of chasing illusions, or the perils of being misled by appearances. It can function as a cautionary symbol, warning against the tempting pull of false promises or human mind deceptions.

Mirage in the Desert Explained

Mirages emerge in the desert because of atmospheric refraction, which occurs when light bends as it passes through different temperature air layers.

The heated surface of the desert heats the air near the ground, resulting in a temperature gradient. This causes light from distant objects to refract, resulting in mirages.

When heated air near the ground causes objects to look taller or float above their true position, this is referred to as a superior mirage. When cooler air near the ground causes objects to appear lower than they are, an inferior mirage occurs.

The illusion of water in the desert is called a Mirage, or the illusion of floating objects in the desert is created by these optical illusions. Mirages require a strong temperature differential, good visibility, and calm weather.

Types of Mirages

Mirages come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and each one is a one-of-a-kind natural wonder.

Superior mirages, in which objects appear elevated or inverted due to temperature inversions; inferior mirages, in which objects appear floating above the true horizon, Fata Morgana mirages, complex and distorted mirages caused by multiple layers of temperature gradients.

There are haze mirages, in which images shimmer and blur due to warm air above cooler surfaces; and mock mirages, in which objects appear higher than they are.

Mirages are common in arid or hot areas, with the water mirage being the most well-known example, where the illusion of water appears on the horizon.

Why Mirage in Desert Illusion Happen?

The temperature gradient near the ground is the fundamental cause of the Mirage in the desert illusion. The sun heats the sand and the air close above it during the day, creating a layer of hot air near the surface.

The temperature of the air gradually declines as you go higher above the ground. When light passes through differing temperature air layers, its speed and direction change, resulting in refraction.

In the case of a desert mirage, the temperature differential causes light rays to bend as they pass through varying densities of air layers.

How Many Mirages One Can See?

The number of mirages that can be seen is determined by a variety of factors, including the observer’s location and the precise environmental circumstances. Multiple mirages are achievable in a desert setting with adequate conditions.

Mirage visibility can also be affected by the time of day. Mirages are most common during the hottest sections of the day when the temperature gradient near the ground is the greatest. Mirages become more likely to appear as the temperature rises.

Real Mirage in Desert Facts

Optical Illusion: Mirages are optical illusions that create the appearance of water or objects where they do not exist.

Types of Mirages: The two main types of mirages observed in deserts are inferior mirages and superior mirages. Inferior mirages are more common.

Shimmering Effect: Mirages often produce a shimmering or wavy effect, commonly referred to as “heat haze” or “desert shimmer.”

Distorted Objects: Mirages can cause distant objects, such as dunes or mountains, to appear distorted, elongated, or elevated.

Illusion of Water: One of the most well-known aspects of desert mirages is the illusion of water, often referred to as “mirage lakes.”

Temporal Nature: Mirages are transient, appearing and disappearing quickly. They are quite sensitive to the precise atmospheric conditions.

Artistic and Cultural Depictions: Mirages in the desert have always fascinated artists, and they have frequently been depicted in literature, paintings, and other forms of art.

Scientific Study: Mirages have been extensively investigated by scientists and researchers to better understand the physics of light and air refraction.

Mirages and the Human Mind

The link between the human mind and desert mirages is found in our observation and interpretation of optical illusions. Our minds process the visual cues offered by mirages, and our prior experiences and expectations influence how we interpret them.

Cognitive biases and cultural influences both influence our interpretation. Aesthetic and emotional reactions to the surreal quality of mirages can also influence our thinking.

Final Words

In summary, the desert offers a variety of mesmerizing wonders that are equally varied. The desert presents a tapestry of wonders, from the captivating mirages that deceive our eyes into thinking they are seeing water or other landscapes to the charming oasis that offers a haven of life in the middle of the desert.

The mysticism and fascination of the desert are enhanced by these natural phenomena as well as by the towering dunes, magnificent rock formations, breathtaking canyons, and the quiet majesty of the night sky.

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Desert is a natural wonder that captivates visitors with its wide and quiet landscapes, distinctive geological formations, and magnificent sunrises and sunsets. Its beautiful night sky, free of light pollution, provides exceptional astronomy opportunities. Adapted flora and wildlife flourish in this harsh climate.

The breathtaking landscapes with their ever-changing patterns and towering dunes, inspire wonder. Desert exposes its profound beauty in the stillness, allowing for a greater connection with nature. Oasis in desert is another significant natural wonder that brings amazement to the mind. Let’s learn more about Oasis in Desert.

What is an Oasis in the Desert?

A desert oasis is a tiny region or place inside a desert environment where water exists, resulting in a distinct and productive ecology. It is a refuge of life and flora amid parched and desolate terrain.

Oases are usually generated by subsurface water sources, such as springs or aquifers, rising to the surface and forming pools, streams, or even tiny lakes. Water enables the creation of luxuriant flora, such as palm trees, bushes, and other plants, which attract a diversity of fauna.

Oasis in the Desert Real

A desert oasis is a rare phenomenon that provides a haven for life in an otherwise harsh and desolate area. It is distinguished by the presence of life-giving water, which nourishes lush flora and a broad range of fauna. They have also served as spiritual retreats and places of introspection.

As trade sites, oases have economic importance as well as historical and cultural significance. Oases, on the other hand, are vulnerable ecosystems that require conservation efforts to preserve their delicate equilibrium. The presence of the oasis emphasizes the endurance of life and the beauty that may develop in hostile settings.

The preservation of these oases is critical for preserving their ecological integrity and ensuring that future generations can appreciate their beauty. The oasis serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of ecosystems, the significance of water, and nature’s and people’s capacity to adapt to difficult conditions.

Oasis in Desert Meaning

A desert oasis can have several meanings. It represents nature’s capacity to flourish in difficult situations by symbolizing life and vigor amid a hostile environment. It symbolizes hope and acts as a shelter or sanctuary, providing consolation and regeneration to weary travelers.

The oasis also represents the close relationship between humanity and the natural world, underlining the need to protect delicate ecosystems and vital resources such as water. Oases have played an important role in human settlement, commerce, and civilization development, expressing the legacy and customs of the cultures that have inhabited them.

Furthermore, an oasis can have a metaphorical connotation within oneself, reflecting inner calm and harmony amid life’s difficulties. Overall, Oasis in the Desert can have various metaphorical implications that include life, hope, connection, history, and personal well-being.

How are Oasis formed in the desert?

Desert oasis formation is caused by a mix of geological and hydrological processes. They are most commonly formed by subterranean water sources such as aquifers or springs. Water percolates through permeable rock strata until it reaches an impenetrable layer, at which point it rises to the surface and forms an oasis.

Tectonic activity and faults can also help to generate oases by allowing water to reach the surface. Human action, such as digging, can generate localized oases where water is accessible for cultivation and settlement in some situations.

The presence of water in an oasis promotes the growth of flora and attracts wildlife. They are dynamic habitats that can fluctuate in size and location over time as water supply and geological processes change.

How many Oases in the Desert

Oases can range from small, isolated pockets of water and plants to huge, linked systems. Oases can also emerge and dissipate over time owing to changes in water supply and geological conditions. It is believed that there are thousands of oases distributed over various deserts across the world.

Some well-known examples are the Siwa Oasis in Egypt, the Bahariya Oasis in Egypt’s Western Desert, the Al-Hasa Oasis in Saudi Arabia, the Timia Oasis in Niger, and the Tozeur Oasis in Tunisia. These are only a few of the countless oases located across the world’s deserts.

Oasis in Desert Facts

Within the surrounding desert, oases generate distinct microclimates. Water and vegetation may drastically reduce temperatures and boost humidity, presenting a sharp contrast to the parched environment just a short distance away.

Many oases include palm trees as a defining characteristic. These trees not only give shade, but they also produce vital resources such as dates, which have long been a staple meal in arid regions.

Water flowing through the oasis delivers minerals to the soil, enriching it and making it productive for agriculture. This enables oasis people to develop crops and earn a living in an otherwise hostile environment.

In arid areas, oases serve as essential animal refuges. They attract a wide variety of wildlife, including migrating birds, reptiles, and animals that rely on the oasis for water, food, and shelter.

Traditional oasis communities may have different building styles. Natural cooling is provided by characteristics such as narrow streets, wind towers, and courtyards that optimize shade and air movement.

Oases are well-known for their beautiful gardens, which feature a wide range of plants and flowers. These gardens are meticulously tended, with ancient irrigation techniques like qanats or falaj used to efficiently distribute water.

Plant and animal species found nowhere else in the world can call oases home. Over time, these indigenous species have adapted to the unique circumstances of the oasis ecosystem.

Oases are not static entities. They can shift in size and location over time due to factors such as changes in water availability, climate variations, and human intervention.

Oasis in Desert, A Tourism Attraction

Oases have become famous cultural tourist attractions. Ecotourism options are offered in oases, allowing tourists to observe varied ecosystems and engage in environmental exploration. An oasis in the desert can be a natural wonder, and visiting an oasis is highly recommended for those who want to experience adventure tourism activities.

Visitors can embark on camel treks, 4×4 desert safaris, or hiking expeditions to explore the surrounding desert landscapes.

Final Words

The natural splendor of the oasis, with its lush flora and glittering water bodies, stands in stark contrast to the parched desert surroundings. It offers a break from routine and a trip into another universe.

We may learn about the cultural and historical significance of the oasis while also connecting with nature’s resilience. An oasis in the desert is a peaceful location and provides opportunities for personal contemplation and growth.

Finally, viewing an oasis amid the desert is a transforming experience that provides a tremendous respect for the natural world’s beauty.

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Iranians love fresh herbs and eat them with every meal, whether formal, fancy, and sometimes even with fast food. The Persian word for these fresh herbs is sabzi (vegetables).

Sabzi comes from the Persian word sabz, which means green. In this way, it is similar to the English term “greens,” which is used for leafy vegetables in salads. Green also has cultural significance that is closely related to the Muslim religion and the Persian New Year, which begins on the first day of spring.

The herbs eaten with meals are always fresh, but dried ones may be used in cooking when fresh ones are not available. Several classic Persian dishes are almost entirely composed of herbs. As always, join us to learn more about Persian Herbs, Sabzi Khordan, and its culture.

Historical Roots

Persian culinary traditions date back thousands of years, with roots deeply intertwined with the history of the Persian Empire. The use of herbs in Persian cooking can be traced to ancient times when the region’s inhabitants discovered the rich flavors and medicinal properties of various plants.

Over centuries, Persian chefs refined the art of blending herbs to create dishes that are not only delicious but also deeply symbolic of the region’s cultural identity.

Cultural Significance

Persian herbs are more than ingredients; they hold cultural and symbolic importance in Persian society. The concept of “Sabzi Khordan,” or eating fresh herbs, is deeply ingrained in Persian dining customs.

A plate of fresh herbs, radishes, and feta cheese is commonly served alongside meals, allowing people to customize their bites and fostering a communal and interactive dining experience.

Persian Herbs List

Persian cuisine has a rich range of herbs that contribute to the distinctive and flavorful nature of its dishes. Here is a list of some key Persian herbs commonly used in Persian cooking:

Sweet Basil

Sweet Basil, an aromatic and delicate herb favored by Mediterranean cooks, graces recipes with fresh leaves during the sunny summer months. During the rest of the year, dried basil can step in to maintain its delightful essence.

This annual plant can be grown indoors from seed in late spring, later finding its sunny home outdoors once the threat of frost has passed, provided it is kept away from temperatures below 40°F.

Basil’s sensitivity to cold is evident because if it is exposed to cold weather, it will wither and turn black overnight. Beyond culinary uses, basil seeds, when soaked in hot water, take on a gelatinous texture and are believed to have medicinal properties, especially in easing persistent coughs due to colds.

Fresh basil leaves take center stage in the classic basil pesto sauce and Borani Reyhan. While freezing may not preserve basil’s charm, the good news is that it dries exceptionally well, retaining its delightful flavor for use in various sauces and soups.

Cinnamon Basil

Cinnamon Basil, a close relative to the ‘Reyhan’ cultivated in Iran, has narrow leaves that are smaller than those of sweet basil, displaying a distinctive, almost sage-green color.

The stems take on a purple shade, and its unique flowering pattern begins with clusters of very dark purple leaves at the tip, eventually blossoming into light pink or white flowers.

Not only does this basil variety bring a touch of ornamental beauty to the garden, but it also proves to be a strong container herb. With increased heat and sun tolerance compared to sweet basil, it thrives in warmer conditions and is less prone to pests, making it a hardy and reliable addition to any herb garden.

Parsley

Parsley, a versatile herb in Persian cuisine, comes in two common varieties: broad leaf and curly leaf. The broad leaf variety takes center stage in the popular “Sabzi Khordan,” a plate of fresh herbs served with meals, adding a lively feel to the dining experience. Both curly and flat leaf types find their way into different Persian dishes, each giving its unique flavor to the culinary creations.

The curly leaf parsley, with its decorative appeal, often flavors dishes like fish or the classic Persian salad, “Olivieh,” adding not only flavor but also a beautiful flourish to the table. In Persian kitchens, parsley goes beyond its mere culinary function, becoming an essential element that enhances both the taste and presentation of the dish.

Dill

Dill, which is known as “Shevid” in Persian, is a multi-purpose herb widely welcomed in Persian cuisine, enjoyed both fresh and in various cooked dishes. While dried dill is an option, the preference among most Persians leans toward the fresh and tender green parts of the plant.

Some Persian markets even offer frozen herbs, providing a convenient option for cooking. In Persian culinary creations, dill takes center stage in numerous delectable dishes, such as “Shevid Polo” and “Bahgali Polo,” where an ample three cups of fresh dill are combined with 1 ½ pounds of rice, giving it a distinctive and flavorful touch to these traditional Persian recipes. Interestingly, while dill seeds find use in various cuisines, they are notably absent from Persian cooking.

Persian Medicinal Herbs

Persian medicinal herbs have long played a vital role in traditional healing practices, which shows the rich heritage of herbal medicines. Passed down from generation to generation, these herbs are valued not only for their culinary aids but also for their potential health benefits.

Mint, with its soothing properties, is often used to aid digestion, while parsley is esteemed for its diuretic effects.

Tarragon and dill, which are known for their unique flavors, also have medicinal importance in Persian culture.

The infusion of herbs into daily life is not just a culinary tradition; it is a holistic approach to well-being. Whether these Iranian herbs are included in herbal teas or meals, they are still a source of natural healing and cultural wisdom.

Persian Herbs and Spices

Persian herbs and spices are aromatic treasures that weave a tapestry of flavor in Iranian cuisine. From the aromatic allure of saffron, an integral part of Persian dishes, to the earthy warmth of cinnamon and cumin, these ingredients are the main essence of Persian culinary artistry.

Herbs like mint, parsley, and dill add a refreshing vibrancy, enhancing both the aroma and taste of various dishes. The distinctive combination of spices, such as turmeric and cardamom, gives a unique character to Persian stews, rice dishes, and kebabs.

Rooted in ancient traditions, Persian herbs, and spices not only tempt the taste buds but also reflect the geographical and cultural diversity of the region and turn Iranian cuisine into a delightful journey of flavors.

Persian Dry Herbs

In Persian cuisine, the use of both fresh and dry herbs creates a harmonious symphony of flavors. While Persian fresh herbs like mint, parsley, and dill add a lively and crisp essence to dishes, the dry herbs play a complementary role in infusing depth and richness.

Dried versions of these herbs, although less common than their fresh counterparts, offer a good option for seasoning and preserving the distinct Persian flavors year-round. Whether it is the aromatic notes of dried mint in a comforting tea or the earthy warmth of dried parsley enhancing a savory stew, Persian dry herbs are a versatile component, ensuring that the essence of these herbs continues to add beauty to the vibrant palette of Iranian cuisine.

Final Word

In the end, Iranian herbs are not just the ingredients of a culinary set. They are one of the main elements of a rich and ancient food tradition with many properties. The careful selection and harmonious combination of herbs in Iranian cuisine reflects the cultural, historical, and geographical richness that defines the Iranian culinary experience.

As we continue to explore the diverse world of global cuisine, Iranian herbs stand out as a natural green addition to the lasting legacy of a culinary tradition that has stood the test of time.

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Yalda Night, one of the most important Iranian celebrations, has a rich historical legacy dating back millennia, long before the birth of Christ. Originating in an era when agriculture played a central role, the sun and its light symbolized prosperity.

Iranians, along with some neighboring countries, celebrate Yalda as the longest night of the year and participate in festive gatherings. The celebrations and night-long festivities held across the country during this occasion constitute a time-honored tradition that not only retains its importance but has also gained a special place in the hearts of Iranians.

Join us as we delve into the customs, fruits, sweets, nuts, and delicacies associated with Yalda Night, providing a closer look at this beautiful and ancient celebration.

Yalda Night History

The history of Yalda Night goes back to ancient times, although its exact origins remain unclear. Some archaeologists believe Yalda Night has a history dating back seven thousand years, referencing pottery artifacts from the prehistoric era. These pottery items have animal motifs associated with Iranian months, such as goats and scorpions.

While these motifs are scarce in inscriptions and archaeological findings, experts believe that traces of the Yalda Night ritual can be traced back to seven thousand years ago.

Despite the ancient roots, the official recognition of Yalda Night dates back approximately 500 years before Christ. Yalda was introduced into the official calendar of ancient Iranians during the reign of Darius the Great. This calendar was derived from the Babylonian and Egyptian calendrical systems, reflecting the cultural exchange of the time.

How Is Yalda Celebrated?

Yalda Night is celebrated in Iran with joyous gatherings and cherished traditions. Families and friends come together to mark the longest night of the year, and the festivities often include a special meal with dishes like herbed rice and fish.

The centerpiece of the celebration is the colorful Yalda spread. Storytelling, poetry recitation, and Shahnameh readings add cultural depth to the evening and strengthen a sense of togetherness. Lighting candles and staying up late into the night are common practices, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness.

Yalda Night is a time for joy, reflection, and the sharing of warmth among loved ones.

What Is the Meaning of Yalda Night?

Yalda, derived from the Syriac word meaning “birth” or “nativity,” finds its linguistic roots in the Syriac language that was common among early Christians. This etymology is discovered through examination of dictionaries and historical texts.

Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī, a polymath and calendar scholar, refers to Yalda Night as the “birth of the greater sun,” interpreting the name as the birth of the sun. His insights are documented in the book “Āthār al-Bāqiyah.” In this work, Abū Rayḥān explores the calendars and festivities of various societies.

While the exact time and manner in which the term “Yalda” entered the Persian language remain unclear, historical records suggest that early Christians facing hardships in Rome migrated to Iran. Due to cultural proximity, the Syriac word found its way into Persian, becoming the term we use to refer to this ancient celebration today.

Shab-e Yalda or Shabe-e Cheleh

The night of “Cheleh” is synonymous with Yalda Night. It is because, starting from the night of Yalda, the major winter period known as “Cheleh” begins and is referred to as the Cheleh night.

In ancient times, Iranians followed a comprehensive calendar, especially relevant to agricultural and animal husbandry activities. They recognized two seasons called “Cheleh.” The summer Cheleh began from the month of Tir, and the winter Cheleh commenced from the month of Dey.

Each Cheleh was further divided into two periods: the major Cheleh and the minor Cheleh. The first forty days were considered the major Cheleh, followed by the next twenty days as the minor Cheleh.

The major winter Cheleh, starting immediately after Yalda Night, marks the beginning of winter with extreme cold. It continues until the tenth day of Bahman. Next, the minor Cheleh starts and continues until the first day of Esfand. The cold during the minor Cheleh is less intense and causes less damage.

The last four days of the major Cheleh and the first four days of the minor Cheleh are known as “Char-Chaar,” representing the peak intensity of cold during this period. The last four days of major calamity and the first four days of minor calamity are known as “char chahar,” which indicates the peak of cold in this period.

Yalda Night Meaning

Yalda Night, which is rooted in ancient traditions, has a deep significance for Iranians. The word “Yalda” itself, originating from Syriac, means “birth” or “nativity.” Yalda Night is believed to date back thousands of years. The celebration marks the longest night of the year, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness.

Iranians and neighboring communities come together on this special night, engaging in festive gatherings that include storytelling, enjoying seasonal fruits, and partaking in age-old customs. Yalda Night serves as a cultural bridge connecting past and present when families and friends celebrate the warmth of being together and the hope for brighter days ahead.

Yalda Night Traditions

Yalda Night traditions have remained relatively unchanged over time.

Fire Gathering

In ancient times, people gathered around a fire. Nowadays, heaters warm the gathering instead. Fire used to symbolize the sun, and lighting it was a ritual to honor and preserve its warmth. Some also believed that the fire helped dispel the darkness and evil spirits.

Storytelling on Yalda Night

A tradition known as “Masal-Gooyi,” which was similar to poetry reading and storytelling, was a common practice in the past. Families would come together, and the elders would share stories. These stories often revolved around mythical creatures and beings, providing entertainment and delight for the children.

Hafez Fortune-Telling

The poetry of Hafez holds a special place on Yalda Night and is often present on the festive table. Guests gather, express wishes for joy to Hafez’s spirit, and open his poetry to seek insights into their future.

Considering that Hafez’s verses are known for their mystical, romantic, and hopeful content, these fortune-tellings usually uplift spirits.

Shahnameh Reading

An integral part of the Yalda night is reading the Shahnameh, the epic Persian Book of Kings. This tradition has deep roots in Iranian culture and is usually performed in a melodic, storytelling manner, enhancing the appeal of the epic tales.

What Do Iranian People Do on Yalda Night?

The customs and traditions of Yalda Night in Iran are different from other countries, as each nation’s residents organize their own celebrations and ceremonies based on their unique cultures and backgrounds. It is customary in Iran to prepare special dishes on Yalda Night, such as herbed rice and fish.

Additionally, Yalda Ajil, a mix of four nuts including pistachios, almonds, walnuts, and hazelnuts, is served alongside other treats, complemented by watermelon and pomegranate seeds on the colorful Yalda Night spread. These celebrations bring family and friends together and create a warm and happy atmosphere as Iranians celebrate the longest night of the year with these cherished culinary traditions.

Yalda Night Fruits

Fruits play a prominent role on the Yalda Night table, with a special emphasis on vibrant red-hued fruits symbolizing the sun. Pomegranate is considered as the main fruit for the Yalda night, and in ancient times, it was respected for its symbolism of fertility and abundance, drawn from its plentiful seeds.

Its red color represents happiness and the sun, and consuming pomegranate on Yalda Night is believed to be linked to the magical influence of its spread. Watermelon, another fruit of the Yalda table, also has the same vibrant red hue, serving as a symbol of the sun and a reminder of the warmth of summer and its heat.

Yalda Night Food

One of the most enchanting rituals of Yalda Night revolves around the festive table and its delectable offerings. The Yalda Night spread includes specific fruits, special nuts or Persian Trail Mix (known as “Ajil”), and various foods.

In ancient times, a Yalda table called “Mizd” was set on the night of Chelleh. They would arrange a variety of fresh and dried fruits, along with the traditional Ajil or “Lork,” which played a main role and was essentially considered the feast of the celebration.

Other components of this table included a container for fire (Aatishdan), a vessel for scents (Atardan), a container for seeds (Bokhordan), and a “Barsem,” a tool used for reciting prayers made from a specific plant branch or crafted from metals like brass and silver.

Final Word

Yalda Night, which is the peak of autumn and the beginning of winter, holds significance as the longest night and heralds the lengthening of days. Celebrated in Iran and Persian-speaking countries, the customs and traditions surrounding Yalda are observed with great enthusiasm.

From the time of the Achaemenids, Iranians have accepted Yalda Night, and its cultural richness has gone beyond Iran to countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, South Korea, Peru, Scotland, Russia, Africa, and more.

As a festive bridge between seasons, Yalda Night brings people together to cherish the warmth of companionship, enjoy special foods, and participate in age-old rituals, symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness.

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